The development of a questionnaire measure of diabetes-related distress in Chinese-speaking patients: the Diabetes-Related Distress Questionnaire (DRDQ)

• Published in: Quality of life research Vol. 25; no. 3; pp. 721 - 729
• Main Authors: Wang, Huey-Fen, Yu, Neng-Chun, Sheu, Wayne H-H, Yeh, Mei Chang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer 01.03.2016; Springer International Publishing; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Chinese culture; Depression - psychology; Depressive disorders; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus - psychology; Factor analysis; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Health care access; Humans; INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT; Insulin; Male; Medications; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mental depression; Middle Aged; Patients; Psychometrics - instrumentation; Psychometrics - methods; Public Health; Quality of life; Quality of Life - psychology; Quality of Life Research; Questionnaires; Reproducibility of Results; Sociology; Surveys and Questionnaires; Taiwan; Translating; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Taiwan; Diabetes-related distress; Chinese; Diabetes
• ISSN: 0962-9343; 1573-2649
• DOI: 10.1007/s11136-015-1106-4

Purpose To develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of a Diabetes-Related Distress Questionnaire for Chinese-speaking patients with diabetes. Methods The Diabetes-Related Distress Questionnaire (DRDQ) included 11 quality-of-life questions translated from a Diabetes, Attitudes, Wishes, and Needs study and four native items developed by researchers based on patients' experi ences. A sample of 981 Chinese-speaking patients with dia betes in Taiwan was invited to complete the questionnaire. Results A minimum of 4.2 % of patients used each response option for each item. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a two-factor structure, representing treatmentrelated distress (factor 1) and progression-related distress (factor 2). The mean loading of items on their corresponding factor was high (0.60), while the mean loading on the other factor was low (0.10). A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a single structure of the DRDQ (rootmean-square error of approximation = 0.063, comparative fit index = 0.93). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 for the DRDQ scale, 0.87 for the factor 1, and 0.68 for the factor 2. As expected, people with insulin-treated and HbAlc > 7 % reported significantly greater negative scores than their counterparts on the total score and all items of the DRDQ, with the exception of item 2. A moderate effect size was demonstrated between insulin known groups (ranging from 0.14 to 0.46) and between HbA1c known groups (ranging from 0.08 to 0.87). Conclusions The DRDQ is a psychometrically sound instrument that can be used to assess diabetes-related dis tress in Chinese-speaking patients in Taiwan.