The Significance of Utilizing A Corticotomy on Periodontal and Orthodontic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Published in: Biology (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 10; no. 8; p. 803
• Main Authors: Gao, Jonathan, Nguyen, Trung, Oberoi, Snehlata, Oh, Heesoo, Kapila, Sunil, Kao, Richard T., Lin, Guo-Hao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 19.08.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: acceleration; Bias; Bone density; bone remodeling; Clinical trials; Meta-analysis; Orthodontics; Patients; Periodontics; Phenotypes; Skin & tissue grafts; Systematic Review; Teeth; tooth movement technique
• ISSN: 2079-7737; 2079-7737
• DOI: 10.3390/biology10080803

Purpose: This systematic review compares the clinical and radiographic outcomes for patients who received only a corticotomy or periodontal accelerated osteogenic orthodontics (PAOO) with those who received a conventional orthodontic treatment. Methods: An electronic search of four databases and a hand search of peer-reviewed journals for relevant articles published in English between January 1980 and June 2021 were performed. Human clinical trials of ≥10 patients treated with a corticotomy or PAOO with radiographic and/or clinical outcomes were included. Meta-analyses were performed to analyze the weighted mean difference (WMD) and confidence interval (CI) for the recorded variables. Results: Twelve articles were included in the quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a localized corticotomy distal to the canine can significantly increase canine distalization (WMD = 1.15 mm, 95% CI = 0.18–2.12 mm, p = 0.02) compared to a conventional orthodontic treatment. In addition, PAOO also showed a significant gain of buccal bone thickness (WMD = 0.43 mm, 95% CI = 0.09–0.78 mm, p = 0.01) and an improvement of bone density (WMD = 32.86, 95% CI = 11.83–53.89, p = 0.002) compared to the corticotomy group. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the meta-analyses, the localized use of a corticotomy can significantly increase the amount of canine distalization during orthodontic treatment. Additionally, the use of a corticotomy as a part of a PAOO procedure significantly increases the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and it is accompanied by an increased buccal bone thickness and bone density compared to patients undergoing a conventional orthodontic treatment.