Sex Pheromone of Cocoa Pod Borer, Conopomorpha cramerella: Field Activity Evaluation of Pheromone Formulations in an Indonesia Plantation

• Published in: Insects (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 8; p. 663
• Main Authors: Niogret, Jerome, Ekayanti, Arni, Zhang, Aijun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 22.07.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Agriculture; Attraction; Borers; Cocoa; Cocoa industry; cocoa pod borer; Conopomorpha cramerella; Crop diseases; dose-response; Effectiveness; Experiments; Farms; field evaluation; Field study; Formulations; Generalized linear models; Longevity; Males; Mitigation; Monitoring; Pesticides; pheromone lure formulation; Pheromone traps; Pheromones; Plantations; Polyethylene; Population density; Quality control; Scents; Sex; Sex pheromone; Trees; United States > US; Malaysia; Indonesia
• ISSN: 2075-4450; 2075-4450
• DOI: 10.3390/insects13080663

The previously identified female sex pheromone of cocoa pod borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella (Snellen) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), was re-evaluated for male attraction using six different pheromone formulations in Indonesian cocoa plantations. In a dose-response experiment, the 0.1 mg pheromone load was significantly more attractive to male CPB than the lower doses tested. Additionally, during the first four-week trapping period, USDA (Beltsville, MD, USA) lures containing 0.1 mg of synthetic pheromone blend exhibited significantly better attraction than the commercial lure obtained from Alpha Scents, Inc. (Canby, OR, USA) with the same pheromone load (0.1 mg). Although the 1.0 mg lure did not show any higher attraction than the 0.1 mg lure during the first month, it was significantly attractive for CPB males with the same weekly average capture efficacy for the whole twenty-seven weeks in field conditions in 2018. A long-life pheromone lure can be particularly useful in monitoring large-scale cocoa farms.