Design and Performance of an Automated Bioreactor for Cell Culture Experiments in a Microgravity Environment

• Published in: Journal of astronomy and space sciences Vol. 32; no. 1; pp. 81 - 89
• Main Authors: Kim, Youn-Kyu, Park, Seul-Hyun, Lee, Joo-Hee, Choi, Gi-Hyuk
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: 한국우주과학회 01.03.2015; The Korean Space Science Society
• Subjects: International Space Station (ISS); space experiment; 천문학; ISS; International Space Station; space experiment
• ISSN: 2093-5587; 2093-1409
• DOI: 10.5140/JASS.2015.32.1.81

In this paper, we describe the development of a bioreactor for a cell-culture experiment on the International Space Station (ISS). The bioreactor is an experimental device for culturing mouse muscle cells in a microgravity environment. The purpose of the experiment was to assess the impact of microgravity on the muscles to address the possibility of longterm human residence in space. After investigation of previously developed bioreactors, and analysis of the requirements for microgravity cell culture experiments, a bioreactor design is herein proposed that is able to automatically culture 32 samples simultaneously. This reactor design is capable of automatic control of temperature, humidity, and culture-medium injection rate; and satisfies the interface requirements of the ISS. Since bioreactors are vulnerable to cell contamination, the medium-circulation modules were designed to be a completely replaceable, in order to reuse the bioreactor after each experiment. The bioreactor control system is designed to circulate culture media to 32 culture chambers at a maximum speed of 1 ml/min, to maintain the temperature of the reactor at 36±1°C, and to keep the relative humidity of the reactor above 70%. Because bubbles in the culture media negatively affect cell culture, a de-bubbler unit was provided to eliminate such bubbles. A working model of the reactor was built according to the new design, to verify its performance, and was used to perform a cell culture experiment that confirmed the feasibility of this device.