Trisomy 19 as the sole chromosomal abnormality in proliferative chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

• Published in: Leukemia research Vol. 30; no. 8; pp. 1043 - 1047
• Main Authors: Daskalakis, M., Mauritzson, N., Johansson, B., Bouabdallah, K., Onida, F., Kunzmann, R., Müller-Berndorff, H., Schmitt-Gräff, A., Lübbert, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2006
• Subjects: Aged; Azacitidine - analogs & derivatives; Azacitidine - therapeutic use; Cancer and Oncology; Cancer och onkologi; Chromosome Aberrations; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 - genetics; Clinical Medicine; Cytarabine - therapeutic use; Cytogenetic Analysis - methods; Daunorubicin - therapeutic use; Decitabine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Hydroxyurea - therapeutic use; Karyotype; Klinisk medicin; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic - diagnosis; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic - drug therapy; Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic - genetics; Male; Medical and Health Sciences; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Middle Aged; Myelodysplastic Syndromes - diagnosis; Myelodysplastic Syndromes - drug therapy; Myelodysplastic Syndromes - genetics; Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative overlap syndrome; Phenotype; ringed; Ringed sideroblasts; sideroblasts; Steroids - therapeutic use; Treatment Outcome; Decitabine; Ringed sideroblasts; Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative overlap syndrome; Karyotype
• ISSN: 0145-2126; 1873-5835; 1873-5835
• DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.01.003

Distinct morphologic and clinical features associated with specific chromosomal abnormalities have been described in subgroups of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), which often are losses or gains and only rarely translocations. Among 103 consecutive MDS patients diagnosed and karyotyped at the Albert-Ludwigs University of Freiburg (ALU) between 1993 and 1999, two chronic myelomonocytic leukemias (CMMoL) displayed trisomy 19 (+19) as the sole chromosomal abnormality. Three further CMMoL cases with +19 as the single abnormality, two of which previously reported, were collected from other centers. Four of the five patients presented with leukocytosis and splenomegaly, and an increased number of ringed sideroblasts was observed in two cases. Treatment was low-dose Decitabine (cases 1 and 2), oral steroids (case 3), hydroxyurea (case 4), and daunorubicin/Ara-C (case 5). Transformation to acute myeloid leukemias (AML) occurred in three/five patients (cases 1, 2, and 4) 26, 12, and 22 months after diagnosis of CMMoL, respectively. We conclude that +19 as the sole anomaly is a rare but recurrent change in CMMoL, in particular of the proliferative type. It is at present unclear which gene(s) located on chromosome 19 might have a functional role for the development of this phenotype.