The Gender Citation Gap in International Relations

This article investigates the extent to which citation and publication patterns differ between men and women in the international relations (IR) literature. Using data from the Teaching, Research, and International Policy project on peer-reviewed publications between 1980 and 2006, we show that wome...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational organization Vol. 67; no. 4; pp. 889 - 922
Main Authors Maliniak, Daniel, Powers, Ryan, Walter, Barbara F.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01.10.2013
Subjects
Bibliographic citations
Citation analysis
Citations
College faculty
Gender bias
Gender differences
Grammatical gender
International organizations
International relations
Joint authorship
Men
Modeling
Political science
Politics
Research Note
Research Notes
Standard deviation
Students
Studies
Tenure
Women
Working women
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Summary:This article investigates the extent to which citation and publication patterns differ between men and women in the international relations (IR) literature. Using data from the Teaching, Research, and International Policy project on peer-reviewed publications between 1980 and 2006, we show that women are systematically cited less than men after controlling for a large number of variables including year of publication, venue of publication, substantive focus, theoretical perspective, methodology, tenure status, and institutional affiliation. These results are robust to a variety of modeling choices. We then turn to network analysis to investigate the extent to which the gender of an article's author affects that article's relative centrality in the network of citations between papers in our sample. Articles authored by women are systematically less central than articles authored by men, all else equal. This is likely because (1) women tend to cite themselves less than men, and (2) men (who make up a disproportionate share of IR scholars) tend to cite men more than women. This is the first study in political science to reveal significant gender differences in citation patterns and is especially meaningful because citation counts are increasingly used as a key measure of research's quality and impact.
ISSN:0020-8183
1531-5088
DOI:10.1017/S0020818313000209