Periodontal conditions and prevalence of putative periodontopathogens and Candida spp. in insulin-dependent type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis—A pilot study

• Published in: Archives of oral biology Vol. 56; no. 10; pp. 1098 - 1105
• Main Authors: Sardi, Janaina C.O, Duque, Cristiane, Camargo, Gabriela A.C.G, Hofling, José F, Gonçalves, Reginaldo B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2011
• Subjects: Adult; Advanced Basic Science; Aged; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans - isolation & purification; Bacterial Load; Bacteroides - isolation & purification; Bacteroides forsythus; Biofilms; Blood Glucose - analysis; Candida; Candida - classification; Candida - isolation & purification; Candida albicans - isolation & purification; Candida glabrata - isolation & purification; Candida spp; Candida tropicalis - isolation & purification; Chronic Periodontitis - microbiology; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Plaque Index; Dentistry; Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - microbiology; Furcation Defects - microbiology; Gingival Recession - microbiology; Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis; Humans; Middle Aged; PCR (polymerase chain reaction); Periodontal Attachment Loss - microbiology; Periodontal disease; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket - microbiology; Periodontopathogens; Pilot Projects; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Porphyromonas gingivalis - isolation & purification; Candida spp; Periodontopathogens; Periodontal disease; PCR (polymerase chain reaction); Diabetes mellitus
• ISSN: 0003-9969; 1879-1506
• DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.017

Abstract Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate periodontal conditions and identify the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia , and four different species of Candida ( C. albicans , C. dubliniensis , C. glabrata and C. tropicalis ) in periodontal pockets and furcation sites of insulin-dependent type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients with generalised chronic periodontitis. Design Clinical parameters, including oral status assessed using plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, gingival recession and clinical attachment level and systemic conditions with fasting glucose level or glycosylated haemoglobin were measured in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Samples of subgingival biofilm were obtained from the periodontal pockets and furcation sites and submitted to phenol-chloroform DNA extraction and PCR analysis using specific primers. Results Clinical conditions of diabetic and non-diabetic patients were similar, without statistical differences in both periodontal indexes and glucose levels ( p > 0.05). Diabetics had a higher prevalence of Candida spp., mainly C. albicans and C. dubliniensis , and a lower frequency of T. forsythia , when compared to non-diabetic patients, for both periodontal sites. C. glabrata and C. tropicalis were not found in periodontal pockets and furcation sites of non-diabetic patients. Conclusion The results demonstrated a strong colonisation of Candida spp. in the periodontal sites of diabetic patients that have generalised chronic periodontitis with a higher prevalence of C. dubliniensis followed by C. albicans.