The nano delivery systems and applications of mRNA

• Published in: European journal of medicinal chemistry Vol. 227; p. 113910
• Main Authors: Li, Mingyuan, Li, Yuan, Li, Shiqin, Jia, Lin, Wang, Haomeng, Li, Meng, Deng, Jie, Zhu, Ali, Ma, Liqiao, Li, Weihong, Yu, Peng, Zhu, Tao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: France Elsevier Masson SAS 05.01.2022
• Subjects: Applications; COVID-19; COVID-19 - prevention & control; COVID-19 - virology; COVID-19 Vaccines - administration & dosage; COVID-19 Vaccines - chemistry; Humans; Liposomes - chemistry; Material; Micelles; mRNA; Nano delivery system; Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System - chemistry; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Peptides - chemistry; RNA, Messenger - chemistry; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification; COVID-19; mRNA; Material; Applications; Nano delivery system
• ISSN: 0223-5234; 1768-3254; 1768-3254
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113910

The current COVID-19 epidemic has greatly accelerated the application of mRNA technology to our real world, and during this battle mRNA has proven it's unique advantages compared to traditional biopharmaceutical and vaccine technology. In order to overcome mRNA instability in human physiological environments, mRNA chemical modifications and nano delivery systems are two key factors for their in vivo applications. In this review, we would like to summarize the challenges for clinical translation of mRNA-based therapeutics, with an emphasis on recent advances in innovative materials and delivery strategies. The nano delivery systems include lipid delivery systems (lipid nanoparticles and liposomes), polymer complexes, micelles, cationic peptides and so on. The similarities and differences of lipid nanoparticles and liposomes are also discussed. In addition, this review also present the applications of mRNA to other areas than COVID-19 vaccine, such as infectious diseases, tumors, and cardiovascular disease, for which a variety of candidate vaccines or drugs have entered clinical trials. Furthermore, mRNA was found that it might be used to treat some genetic disease, overcome the immaturity of the immune system due to the small fetal size in utero, treat some neurological diseases that are difficult to be treated surgically, even be used in advancing the translation of iPSC technology et al. In short, mRNA has a wide range of applications, and its era has just begun. [Display omitted] •Different mRNA delivery system has different delivery mechanisms.•Innovative materials make nano delivery system versatile.•Besides COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA has more application directions.