Disc degeneration reduces the delamination strength of the annulus fibrosus in the rabbit annular disc puncture model

• Published in: The spine journal Vol. 14; no. 7; pp. 1265 - 1271
• Main Authors: Gregory, Diane E., PhD, Bae, Won C., PhD, Sah, Robert L., MD, ScD, Masuda, Koichi, MD
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.07.2014
• Subjects: Animal model; Animals; Annulus fibrosus; Disc herniation; Disc therapy; Disease Models, Animal; Intervertebral Disc - diagnostic imaging; Intervertebral Disc - pathology; Intervertebral Disc - physiopathology; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - diagnostic imaging; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - pathology; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - physiopathology; Lamellae; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Orthopedics; Puncture; Punctures; Rabbits; Radiography; Tensile Strength; Disc herniation; Annulus fibrosus; Animal model; Lamellae; Disc therapy; Puncture
• ISSN: 1529-9430; 1878-1632
• DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.07.489

Abstract Background context Degenerative disc disease is a common pathologic disorder accompanied by both structural and biochemical changes. Changes in stress distribution across the disc can lead to annulus fibrosus (AF) damage that can affect the strength and integrity of the disc. Given that some present degeneration therapies incorporate biological regrowth of the nucleus pulposus (NP), it is crucial that the AF remains capable of containing this newly grown material. Purpose To examine the resistance of AF to delamination using an adhesive peel test in experimentally degenerated rabbit discs. Study design Experimentally induced disc degeneration; excised AF tissue study. Methods Disc degeneration was induced in eight New Zealand white rabbits by annular puncture; four additional rabbits served as controls. In experimental rabbits, an 18-gauge needle was inserted into the anterolateral AF region of levels L2–L3 and L4–L5, and disc height was monitored by X-ray. Animals were sacrificed at 4 and 12 weeks postsurgery and magnetic resonance images and X-rays were taken. Four discs were excised from the experimental animals; two punctured (L2–L3 and L4–L5) and two controls (L3–L4 and L6–L7). The same four discs were also excised from the age-matched control animals and served as nonpunctured control discs. To determine resistance to delamination, AF samples were dissected from each disc and subjected to a mechanical peel test at 0.5 mm/s. Results Magnetic resonance imaging and X-ray images confirmed dehydration of the NP and reduced disc height, similar to that found in clinical degeneration. Resistance to delamination was significantly lower in punctured/degenerated discs compared with both the nonpunctured discs from the same animal (27% lower) and the nonpunctured control discs (30% lower) (p=.024). Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that degeneration increases the potential for delamination between AF layers. Given this substantial change to the integrity of the AF after degeneration, clinical treatments should not only target rehydration or regrowth of the NP, but should also target repair and strengthening of the AF to confine the NP.