Role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization

Matrix vesicles have been implicated in the mineralization of calcified cartilage, bone and dentin for more than 40 years. During this period, their exact role, if any in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite mineral, and its subsequent association with the collagen fibrils in the organic matrix has been...

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Published inBiochimica et biophysica acta Vol. 1790; no. 12; pp. 1592 - 1598
Main Author Golub, Ellis E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.12.2009
Subjects
Alkaline phosphatase
Animals
Biomineralization
Bone and Bones - metabolism
Calcification
Calcification, Physiologic - physiology
Cytoplasmic Vesicles - metabolism
Cytoplasmic Vesicles - physiology
Extracellular Matrix - physiology
Humans
Hydroxyapatite
Matrix vesicles
Minerals - metabolism
Models, Biological
Nucleation
Calcification
Biomineralization
Alkaline phosphatase
Hydroxyapatite
Nucleation
Matrix vesicles
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Summary:Matrix vesicles have been implicated in the mineralization of calcified cartilage, bone and dentin for more than 40 years. During this period, their exact role, if any in the nucleation of hydroxyapatite mineral, and its subsequent association with the collagen fibrils in the organic matrix has been debated and remains controversial. This review summarizes studies spanning the whole history of matrix vesicles, but emphasizes recent findings and several hypotheses which have been recently introduced to explain in greater detail how matrix vesicles function in biomineralization. It is now generally accepted that matrix vesicles have some role(s) in mineralization; that they are the initial site of mineral formation; that MV bud from the plasma membrane of mineral forming cells, but that they take with them only a subset of the materials found in the parent membrane; that the three proteins, alkaline phosphatase, nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase and annexin V have important roles in the process and that matrix vesicles participate in regulating the concentration of PPi in the matrix. In contrast, many open questions remain to be answered. Understanding the role of matrix vesicles in biomineralization will increase our knowledge of this important process.
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ISSN:0304-4165
0006-3002
1872-8006
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.09.006