Role of Maternal Infections and Inflammatory Responses on Craniofacial Development

Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit severe immunological cascades in the mother's body as well as the developing fetus. Maternal infections and resulting inflammatory response...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inFrontiers in oral health Vol. 2; p. 735634
Main Authors Bhagirath, Anjali Y., Medapati, Manoj Reddy, de Jesus, Vivianne Cruz, Yadav, Sneha, Hinton, Martha, Dakshinamurti, Shyamala, Atukorallaya, Devi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 06.09.2021
Subjects
craniofacial development
fetal development
infections
maternal inflammation
Oral Health
pregnancy
infections
craniofacial development
maternal inflammation
fetal development
pregnancy
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit severe immunological cascades in the mother's body as well as the developing fetus. Maternal infections and resulting inflammatory responses can mediate epigenetic changes in the fetal genome, depending on the developmental stage. The craniofacial development begins at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the immunology of pregnancy and its responsive mechanisms on maternal infections. Further, we will also discuss the epigenetic effects of pathogens, their metabolites and resulting inflammatory responses on the fetus with a special focus on craniofacial development. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses during prenatal development could provide better insights into the origins of craniofacial birth defects.
AbstractList Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit severe immunological cascades in the mother's body as well as the developing fetus. Maternal infections and resulting inflammatory responses can mediate epigenetic changes in the fetal genome, depending on the developmental stage. The craniofacial development begins at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the immunology of pregnancy and its responsive mechanisms on maternal infections. Further, we will also discuss the epigenetic effects of pathogens, their metabolites and resulting inflammatory responses on the fetus with a special focus on craniofacial development. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses during prenatal development could provide better insights into the origins of craniofacial birth defects.
Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit severe immunological cascades in the mother's body as well as the developing fetus. Maternal infections and resulting inflammatory responses can mediate epigenetic changes in the fetal genome, depending on the developmental stage. The craniofacial development begins at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the immunology of pregnancy and its responsive mechanisms on maternal infections. Further, we will also discuss the epigenetic effects of pathogens, their metabolites and resulting inflammatory responses on the fetus with a special focus on craniofacial development. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses during prenatal development could provide better insights into the origins of craniofacial birth defects.Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit severe immunological cascades in the mother's body as well as the developing fetus. Maternal infections and resulting inflammatory responses can mediate epigenetic changes in the fetal genome, depending on the developmental stage. The craniofacial development begins at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the immunology of pregnancy and its responsive mechanisms on maternal infections. Further, we will also discuss the epigenetic effects of pathogens, their metabolites and resulting inflammatory responses on the fetus with a special focus on craniofacial development. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses during prenatal development could provide better insights into the origins of craniofacial birth defects.
Author Medapati, Manoj Reddy
Atukorallaya, Devi
Dakshinamurti, Shyamala
Bhagirath, Anjali Y.
de Jesus, Vivianne Cruz
Hinton, Martha
Yadav, Sneha
AuthorAffiliation 2 Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM) , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
3 Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
4 Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences , Wardha , India
1 Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 4 Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences , Wardha , India
– name: 2 Biology of Breathing, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM) , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
– name: 3 Department of Oral Biology, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
– name: 1 Department of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg, MB , Canada
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Anjali Y.
  surname: Bhagirath
  fullname: Bhagirath, Anjali Y.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Manoj Reddy
  surname: Medapati
  fullname: Medapati, Manoj Reddy
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Vivianne Cruz
  surname: de Jesus
  fullname: de Jesus, Vivianne Cruz
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Sneha
  surname: Yadav
  fullname: Yadav, Sneha
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Martha
  surname: Hinton
  fullname: Hinton, Martha
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Shyamala
  surname: Dakshinamurti
  fullname: Dakshinamurti, Shyamala
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Devi
  surname: Atukorallaya
  fullname: Atukorallaya, Devi
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048051$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNp1kc1v1DAQxS1UREvpnRPKkcsuzvgzFyS0fK1UhLSCs-U449aVYy92tlL_exK2VC0SJ9sz7_1mrPeSnKSckJDXLV0zprt3vuTrNVBo14oJyfgzcgZSsRXXHE4e3U_JRa03lFIQLQATL8gpE5RrKtozstvliE32zTc7YUk2Ntvk0U0hp9rYNCzPaMfRTrncNTus-7mBtcmp2RSbQvbWhdn1EW8x5v2IaXpFnnsbK17cn-fk5-dPPzZfV5ffv2w3Hy5XjkuYViidYC2oQQ699wOluue94JyhQ-t7a1vQHHvXc1AKEb3muu8Q-gGshkGxc7I9codsb8y-hNGWO5NtMH8KuVwZW6bgIhrlOialAA7OcQegRUtRd7LvlNdCy5n1_sjaH_oRBzd_o9j4BPq0k8K1ucq3RiuhtKQz4O09oORfB6yTGUN1GKNNmA_VgIRWCgV82fvN41kPQ_6GMgvoUeBKrrWgf5C01CzRmyV6s0RvjtHPFvmPxYXJLinO24b4f-NvCve09A
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1002_dvdy_70018
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_diff_2025_100856
crossref_primary_10_1080_29933935_2025_2452471
crossref_primary_10_1590_pboci_2025_074
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_siny_2024_101526
crossref_primary_10_2217_epi_2022_0153
crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_023_38526_1
crossref_primary_10_1177_00220426241259374
Cites_doi 10.1038/mi.2010.83
10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.046
10.1196/annals.1290.016
10.1056/NEJM200005183422007
10.1093/tas/txy047
10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.017
10.2217/epi.12.5
10.1111/aji.12258
10.18632/oncotarget.18716
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.21036
10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.023
10.1128/IAI.72.3.1397-1401.2004
10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.10.015
10.3389/fvets.2020.589117
10.1002/mrdd.10008
10.1016/j.placenta.2016.04.017
10.1097/SCS.0b013e318260f20b
10.1210/jcem.87.2.8233
10.1128/AEM.02063-08
10.1093/tas/txy038
10.1371/journal.pone.0028972
10.1186/s13148-016-0265-7
10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67481-8
10.3389/fped.2020.00437
10.1093/humrep/den308
10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00827.x
10.1089/scd.2018.0058
10.1096/fj.00-0463
10.2353/ajpath.2009.080566
10.1038/d41586-019-01789-0
10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.010
10.1016/S0021-9258(18)57261-6
10.3390/ijerph16193543
10.1038/nrg1655
10.1152/ajpregu.00528.2015
10.3390/microorganisms9010131
10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(199702)17:2<119::AID-PD39>3.0.CO;2-T
10.1172/jci.insight.127806
10.1007/s10096-013-1847-3
10.1007/s00784-018-2501-3
10.2350/15-06-1656-CR.1
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.01.054
10.1038/srep18321
10.1159/000334926
10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70254-6
10.1093/molehr/gas027
10.1097/MOP.0000000000000191
10.7717/peerj.1878
10.1093/cid/cix001
10.1016/j.ajog.2016.09.075
10.1128/JVI.03326-13
10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31181-8
10.1086/505162
10.2217/17460751.3.1.23
10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.001
10.1002/eji.200425929
10.1371/journal.pone.0180167
10.1902/jop.2005.76.11-S.2133
10.1186/s12884-016-1073-y
10.1371/journal.pone.0120050
10.1186/s40001-020-00439-w
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00830.x
10.1152/ajpregu.00466.2011
10.1152/physrev.00029.2013
10.1016/j.micpath.2016.01.010
10.1182/blood-2012-10-465096
10.1038/ijos.2016.56
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00659
10.1038/nn.2514
10.1111/cmi.12815
10.1101/gr.236000.118
10.1111/jicd.12189
10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.015
10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.008
10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.049
10.1177/0022034515611876
10.17796/jcpd.37.4.8q77717841781527
10.1002/pd.1700
10.1055/s-0033-1361818
10.1128/AEM.00780-15
10.4049/jimmunol.0804018
10.1073/pnas.0702729104
10.4049/jimmunol.148.6.1699
10.1128/JCM.01206-08
10.1177/154405910708600212
10.1089/gtmb.2015.0276
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0672
10.1073/pnas.1705899114
10.1371/journal.pone.0146157
10.1083/jcb.145.3.539
10.1152/ajpregu.00391.2017
10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00095.x
10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00006-4
10.1093/ije/dyv027
10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02820.x
10.1056/NEJMoa1602412
10.1371/journal.pone.0230295
10.1084/jem.79.2.137
10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.048
10.1016/j.rboe.2017.10.002
10.1016/j.ajog.2020.01.009
10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.016
10.1186/s13072-018-0234-9
10.1055/s-0029-1237424
10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.2843
10.1093/molehr/gah234
10.1016/j.ajog.2013.02.006
10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290806.x
10.1086/320714
10.1016/j.healun.2005.06.003
10.1038/nrmicro1657
10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.10.006
10.1902/jop.2007.060368
10.1371/journal.ppat.1002149
10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.193
10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000592
10.1038/mi.2016.131
10.1016/S0049-3848(11)70019-6
10.4049/jimmunol.0901154
10.4049/jimmunol.138.9.2764
10.1128/CVI.00363-10
10.1126/scitranslmed.3009864
10.1111/aji.12776
10.1371/journal.pone.0000382
10.1073/pnas.1814700116
10.1371/journal.pone.0056131
10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03397.x
10.21873/invivo.12397
10.1111/jre.12314
10.4049/jimmunol.151.9.4562
10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819ed7a8
10.1515/JPM.2008.054
10.1051/rnd:19881006
10.1177/1933719117728798
10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.11.014
10.1038/s41598-017-07790-9
10.1021/acsomega.8b03571
10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.048
10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1534
10.3389/fimmu.2014.00514
10.1038/pr.2011.7
10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.008
10.1002/(SICI)1098-0997(1997)5:2<128::AID-IDOG7>3.0.CO;2-W
10.1016/0002-9378(93)90274-M
10.1016/0165-0378(96)00964-3
10.1002/jmv.23817
10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02983.x
10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.004
10.1007/s10815-018-1343-x
10.1016/j.crwh.2020.e00239
10.1095/biolreprod.105.045518
10.1186/s12920-019-0590-8
10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01514.x
10.1016/j.ajog.2018.10.018
10.1002/ajmg.a.30887
10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.008
10.2478/s11756-018-0065-y
10.1186/s40168-017-0268-4
10.1095/biolreprod48.5.1082
10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00699.x
10.1038/s41467-020-17436-6
10.1016/j.chom.2016.05.017
10.1210/jcem.87.2.8245
10.1067/S0002-9378(03)00470-8
10.1152/ajpregu.90592.2008
10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01869.x
10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.028
10.3390/cells8080870
10.1073/pnas.2000484117
10.4049/jimmunol.140.12.4157
10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.441
10.1073/pnas.2132646100
10.1128/IAI.67.9.4974-4976.1999
10.1590/S1678-77572012000300003
10.1597/04-028.1
10.1159/000314909
10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14140
10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00509.x
10.1007/s00404-013-3138-8
10.1136/bmj.1.20.515
10.1515/jpm-2016-0225
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.062
10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30365-2
10.1126/science.aaw8429
10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.017
10.1093/ije/dym122
10.1128/IAI.72.4.2272-2279.2004
10.3390/v12010005
10.1128/JCM.44.4.1475-1483.2006
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-1865
10.1007/978-3-319-15856-3_10
10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00633.x
10.1111/aji.13353
10.1073/pnas.1502875112
10.1007/s12105-016-0703-z
10.1086/422330
10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.12.007
10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.025
10.3402/jom.v8.32762
10.1016/0002-9378(58)90572-6
10.1186/bcr1860
10.1128/JVI.74.7.3321-3329.2000
10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91340-1
10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.064
10.1093/humrep/der395
10.1099/jmm.0.049452-0
10.1016/S0002-9378(16)33340-3
10.1093/jas/sky164
10.1155/2017/8010961
10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x
10.1007/BF03179851
10.3390/ijms21062120
10.1093/femspd/ftx007
10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.014
10.1111/febs.14728
10.1126/scisignal.aal4055
10.1271/bbb.70.47
10.1128/iai.63.10.3878-3885.1995
10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040
10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.018
10.3389/fimmu.2020.575197
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004517
10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04977.x
10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.106
10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.024
10.1128/AEM.02037-15
10.1073/pnas.1517724112
10.1371/journal.pone.0081407
10.1371/journal.pone.0237232
10.1530/REP-19-0147
10.1128/AEM.02150-17
10.1101/gr.192005.115
10.1016/j.chom.2016.09.006
10.1067/mob.2000.106180
10.1172/JCI78544
10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00833.x
10.1039/C6EM00074F
10.1111/jvh.12250
10.1210/en.2009-0098
10.2147/IJWH.S142730
10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
10.1007/s00018-017-2672-0
10.1095/biolreprod.102.004325
10.1080/15592294.2016.1155011
10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0276
10.1186/2049-2618-2-4
10.1242/dev.156273
10.3389/fmicb.2018.02360
10.1128/JVI.77.24.13301-13314.2003
10.1007/978-94-011-4197-0_6
10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.036
10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108204
10.1038/s41396-020-0686-3
10.1136/sextrans-2013-051118
10.1542/peds.88.5.1037
10.1093/pch/5.8.463
10.1182/blood-2003-02-0517
10.1016/j.placenta.2018.04.013
10.1007/s00281-019-00772-1
10.1126/scitranslmed.3008599
10.1089/dna.2009.0874
10.1038/s41598-017-02721-0
10.1128/JVI.77.16.8985-8999.2003
10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.052
10.1172/JCI28214
10.1002/bdr2.1409
10.1126/science.1063443
10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050347007
10.1007/BF02718273
10.1530/REP-10-0530
10.1177/0022034517711156
10.1136/adc.2006.110130
10.1203/01.PDR.0000153869.96337.90
10.1155/2012/109705
10.1126/sciimmunol.aat6114
10.1038/nm.4142
10.1002/bdra.20749
10.1111/hel.12364
10.1902/jop.2007.060362
10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.040
10.1186/s12917-018-1419-y
10.1186/s12884-020-03026-3
10.1007/s00784-012-0816-z
10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199809)107:1<25::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-C
10.1097/nen.0b013e318149ee64
10.1128/MMBR.00036-17
10.1095/biolreprod51.2.169
10.4103/0970-9371.188050
10.1186/s12879-017-2565-8
10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181f2e85f
10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.07.002
10.1038/78119
10.1371/journal.pone.0084420
10.4049/jimmunol.156.10.4027
10.1038/s41598-020-71760-x
10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11706
10.1128/AEM.00483-18
10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.014
10.1046/j.1432-0436.1994.56120039.x
10.1111/imcb.12037
10.1371/journal.pone.0082436
10.1002/bdra.20382
10.3389/fendo.2019.00198
10.1002/jcp.27290
10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.004
10.1155/2017/9060138
10.1038/nrg2045
10.1038/srep39096
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright © 2021 Bhagirath, Medapati, de Jesus, Yadav, Hinton, Dakshinamurti and Atukorallaya.
Copyright © 2021 Bhagirath, Medapati, de Jesus, Yadav, Hinton, Dakshinamurti and Atukorallaya. 2021 Bhagirath, Medapati, de Jesus, Yadav, Hinton, Dakshinamurti and Atukorallaya
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright © 2021 Bhagirath, Medapati, de Jesus, Yadav, Hinton, Dakshinamurti and Atukorallaya.
– notice: Copyright © 2021 Bhagirath, Medapati, de Jesus, Yadav, Hinton, Dakshinamurti and Atukorallaya. 2021 Bhagirath, Medapati, de Jesus, Yadav, Hinton, Dakshinamurti and Atukorallaya
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
NPM
7X8
5PM
DOA
DOI 10.3389/froh.2021.735634
DatabaseName CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
PubMed
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList
PubMed

MEDLINE - Academic
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
EISSN 2673-4842
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_7c93665242cc4c228510e896b97f8586
PMC8757860
35048051
10_3389_froh_2021_735634
Genre Journal Article
Review
GroupedDBID 53G
9T4
AAFWJ
AAYXX
ACXDI
AFPKN
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
CITATION
GROUPED_DOAJ
M~E
OK1
PGMZT
RPM
34H
NPM
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-e6c53127d6dbffd008b4b5443eceafbaa1284ebcb4277eeef848b9e2bd2a82d73
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISSN 2673-4842
IngestDate Wed Aug 27 01:32:15 EDT 2025
Thu Aug 21 18:16:07 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 11 04:02:20 EDT 2025
Mon Jul 21 05:35:06 EDT 2025
Tue Jul 01 02:56:36 EDT 2025
Thu Apr 24 22:58:02 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords infections
craniofacial development
maternal inflammation
fetal development
pregnancy
Language English
License Copyright © 2021 Bhagirath, Medapati, de Jesus, Yadav, Hinton, Dakshinamurti and Atukorallaya.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c462t-e6c53127d6dbffd008b4b5443eceafbaa1284ebcb4277eeef848b9e2bd2a82d73
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
This article was submitted to Oral Infections and Microbes, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oral Health
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
Edited by: Nagihan Bostanci, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Sweden
Reviewed by: Roger M. Arce, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; Flavia Lakschevitz, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, United States
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/7c93665242cc4c228510e896b97f8586
PMID 35048051
PQID 2621657247
PQPubID 23479
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_7c93665242cc4c228510e896b97f8586
pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8757860
proquest_miscellaneous_2621657247
pubmed_primary_35048051
crossref_primary_10_3389_froh_2021_735634
crossref_citationtrail_10_3389_froh_2021_735634
ProviderPackageCode CITATION
AAYXX
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2021-09-06
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-09-06
PublicationDate_xml – month: 09
  year: 2021
  text: 2021-09-06
  day: 06
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
PublicationTitle Frontiers in oral health
PublicationTitleAlternate Front Oral Health
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher Frontiers Media S.A
Publisher_xml – name: Frontiers Media S.A
References Ateia (B235) 2018; 20
Fournier (B306) 1884; 26
Jirtle (B227) 2007; 8
Dubernard (B113) 2008; 10
Gokulakrishnan (B88) 2012; 302
Cooke (B98) 2019; 518
Theis (B127) 2019; 220
Jaskoll (B310) 2010; 192
Zhou (B15) 2008; 23
Llorente (B83) 2002; 58
Turroni (B209) 2018; 75
Isik (B167) 2016; 33
Nowak (B135) 2016; 44
Coe (B82) 2002; 87
Liu (B169) 2013; 89
Milani (B208) 2017; 81
Hutson (B25) 2017; 10
Mawson (B289) 2019; 16
Martins (B234) 2016; 95
Buca (B108) 2020; 21
de Camargo Pereira (B233) 2013; 17
Avila (B182) 2009; 28
Lamont (B282) 2011; 118
Barton (B175) 2017; 64
Carrillo-de-Albornoz (B192) 2010; 37
Gonzales-Marin (B179) 2013; 62
Peterka (B287) 1994; 36
Oner (B296) 2016; 20
Carvalho (B267) 2019; 27
Moon (B307) 1877; 9
Barak (B190) 2007; 78
Funato (B285) 2017; 9
Cruvinel (B303) 2012; 20
den Hollander (B278) 2017; 22
Lansbury (B213) 2020; 81
Pacis (B222) 2015; 25
Jones (B76) 2008; 125
Langen (B89) 2001; 15
Moldenhauer (B5) 2009; 182
Gao (B49) 2013; 8
Dingens (B164) 2016; 16
Dougherty (B54) 2012; 23
Molnárová (B263) 2018; 73
Fleming (B291) 2009; 299
Tilburgs (B17) 2015; 112
Yockey (B48) 2018; 49
Alvizi (B297) 2017; 7
Cortese (B247) 2016; 11
Nashaat (B275) 2014; 289
Zhou (B9) 2008; 89
Bayes-Genis (B112) 2005; 24
Doyle (B159) 2018; 84
Konwar (B252) 2018; 11
Mastorakos (B56) 2003; 997
Bermick (B72) 2019; 286
Rasmussen (B118) 2020; 14
Brion (B204) 1991; 88
Balan (B183) 2018; 9
Yates (B94) 2018; 96
Jarmalaite (B261) 2011; 204
Yusuf (B138) 2008; 36
Platz-Christensen (B162) 1993; 169
Goltsman (B123) 2018; 28
Bobetsis (B186) 2000
Wang (B197) 2013; 8
Chan (B77) 2011; 18
Gravett (B86) 2000; 182
Bisanz (B120) 2015; 81
Kojima (B236) 2016; 51
Raziel (B8) 2007; 87
Somerset (B35) 2004; 112
Obermair (B271) 2020; 27
Arcellana-Panlilio (B3) 1994; 51
Nathan (B201) 1997; 17
Chatterjee (B79) 2001; 183
Jacobsen (B299) 2014; 9
Feng (B225) 2010; 13
Cox (B319) 2014; 158
Rashidi (B273) 2013; 121
Younge (B132) 2019; 4
Ji (B258) 2019; 4
Petsas (B58) 2012; 18
Humann (B316) 2016; 19
Abdolmohammadi Vahid (B36) 2019; 234
Lamont (B193) 1995; 63
Sammar (B105) 2018; 66
Taylor (B104) 2006; 176
Zhang (B150) 2020; 20
Lemeta (B262) 2007; 66
Kamiyama (B163) 2004; 82
Goldenberg (B199) 2003; 189
Soncin (B260) 2018; 145
Hernandez-Vargas (B249) 2015; 44
Raghupathy (B44) 2005; 112
Fong (B254) 2020; 8
Sacks (B59) 1998; 179
Freitas (B121) 2017; 7
Qamar (B109) 2020; 7
Kapranos (B145) 2009; 23
Han (B196) 2009; 47
Hoffmann (B214) 2020; 181
Goldfarb (B111) 2018; 25
Avery (B220) 1944; 79
Turovskiy (B161) 2011; 110
Barker (B65) 1986; 327
Diriba (B151) 2020; 25
Fujii (B28) 2019; 28
Carter (B269) 2011; 91
Tahara (B240) 2014; 74
Goodrich (B246) 2016; 18
Aine (B302) 2000; 29
Al-Ani (B300) 2017; 96
De Vadder (B321) 2014; 156
Vanterpool (B189) 2016; 11
Fujiwara (B185) 2017; 8
Song (B217) 2012; 71
Szekeres-Bartho (B46) 2010; 64
Takahashi (B293) 1999; 145
Weber (B312) 2005
Heumann (B170) 2017; 44
Green (B259) 2014; 157
Cohen (B50) 2014; 152
Leon (B129) 2018; 84
Patil (B110) 2013; 8
Nowicki (B171) 1999; 67
Callahan (B156) 2017; 114
Yamada (B41) 2003; 50
Italiani (B69) 2014; 5
Al-Katawee (B281) 2005; 26
Bauer (B206) 1944; 20
Nakaya (B51) 2006; 70
Perera (B181) 2016; 8
Stagno (B309) 1983; 7
Mikami (B212) 2009; 65
Aagaard (B126) 2014; 6
Arce-Estrada (B272) 2017; 17
Tahara (B239) 2017; 8
Golalipour (B279) 2012; 17
Reik (B228) 2001; 293
Inagaki (B194) 2016; 94
Arnold (B280) 2000; 5
Han (B195) 2006; 44
Lahti-Pulkkinen (B81) 2020; 75
Zhu (B29) 2019; 179
Suzuki (B295) 2000; 25
Adams Waldorf (B70) 2011; 6
Koga (B137) 2014; 63
Su (B313) 2015; 216
Chaim (B270) 1992; 251
Hannan (B22) 2006; 74
Bayless (B27) 2016; 20
Robertson (B218) 2005; 6
Sasaki (B34) 2007; 149
Chang (B97) 2018; 72
Felkner (B274) 2007; 79
Ren (B13) 2012; 27
Yin (B232) 2011; 4
Alberry (B100) 2007; 27
Liu (B244) 2013; 208
Hamon (B256) 2007; 104
Ewoldsen (B7) 1987; 138
Tolg (B255) 2012; 4
Solders (B20) 2017; 2017
Beswick (B288) 1949; 78
Kaplan (B96) 2018; 14
Yan (B298) 2019; 69
Desoye (B19) 1988; 140
Gao (B62) 2015; 125
Brasil (B139) 2016; 375
Blaise (B323) 2003; 100
Wroblewska-Seniuk (B160) 2011; 205
Gravina (B304) 2013; 37
Blaschitz (B18) 2001; 5
Goto (B224) 1994; 56
Girchenko (B80) 2020; 87
Yang (B103) 2019; 158
Doyle (B136) 2017; 12
Martín (B210) 2009; 75
Yates (B93) 2016; 310
Pereira (B143) 2003; 77
Salemi (B283) 2014; 21
Miralles (B87) 2008; 93
Kobayashi (B237) 2016; 69
Nissanka-Jayasuriya (B205) 2016; 10
de Jong (B73) 2018; 96
Johnson (B168) 2011; 38
Kliman (B131) 2014; 6
Kallikourdis (B33) 2007; 2
Pashay Ahi (B55) 2016; 4
Perez-Muñoz (B119) 2017; 5
Pacis (B223) 2019; 116
Rettew (B52) 2009; 150
Gonçalves (B166) 2002; 8
Qiao (B152) 2020; 395
Yu (B241) 2017; 170
Hanson (B226) 2014; 94
Stockham (B238) 2015; 10
Warner (B4) 1993; 48
Fonseca-Silva (B245) 2012; 79
DiGiulio (B230) 2010; 64
Mossey (B284) 2003
Patel (B57) 2002; 87
Gschwind (B130) 2020; 15
Parry (B142) 1998; 152
Koren (B122) 2012; 150
Levy (B215) 2008; 295
DiGiulio (B157) 2015; 112
Witkin (B290) 1997; 5
Blanton (B292) 2005
Bobetsis (B243) 2007; 86
Zhang (B107) 2019; 12
Billingham (B1) 1964; 31
Bermick (B253) 2016; 8
Szekeres-Bartho (B45) 1996; 31
Sarno (B140) 2016; 10
Peterson (B64) 2020; 42
Wadhwa (B320) 2009; 27
Erlebacher (B6) 2007; 117
Zheng (B174) 2013; 32
Turner (B250) 2007; 36
Oberoi (B308) 2005; 42
Carter (B172) 2011; 141
Roberts (B311) 2019; 570
Bulmer (B85) 1988; 28
Ventura (B141) 2016; 387
Schmeck (B257) 2005; 175
Hanna (B16) 2003; 102
Tupin (B40) 2007; 5
Offenbacher (B242) 2005; 76
Mercado (B266) 2020; 222
Cobb (B191) 2017; 9
Gameiro (B203) 2017; 52
Santner-Nanan (B37) 2009; 183
Ander (B12) 2019; 4
Gray (B31) 2005; 366
Miner Jonathan (B147) 2016; 165
Barker (B67) 2007; 261
Hotchkiss (B221) 1948; 175
Finger-Jardim (B146) 2014; 86
Chaouat (B38) 1999; 42
Lee (B153) 2019; 12
Brawner (B276) 2017; 10
Medawar (B2) 1948; 29
Cirello (B114) 2008; 68
Maki (B177) 2017; 2017
McMaster (B30) 1992; 148
Hadley (B60) 2018; 79
McDonagh (B144) 2004; 190
Blond (B322) 2000; 74
Posont (B90) 2018
Abu-Raya (B63) 2020; 11
Lin (B47) 1993; 151
Singh (B75) 2017; 75
Peterka (B95) 2021; 35
Ouédraogo (B315) 2012; 2012
Gursoy (B184) 2009; 24
Prince (B133) 2016; 214
Lappas (B61) 2012; 348
Heindel (B66) 2015; 27
Nguyen Huu (B115) 2009; 174
Papuchova (B14) 2020; 117
Head (B26) 2020; 10
Yan (B149) 2020; 223
Bilz (B92) 2019; 8
Moreno (B10) 2016; 215
Bae (B134) 2016; 19
Wang (B24) 2015; 5
Cadaret (B71) 2018
Benirschke (B176) 1958; 75
Hsiao (B317) 2013; 155
Sivasubramaniyan (B91) 2008; 3
Stout (B178) 2018; 218
Steel (B117) 2005; 57
Hutchinson (B268) 1861; 1
Milani (B211) 2015; 81
Hillson (B207) 1998; 107
Kurian (B102) 2019; 36
Kimura (B318) 2020; 367
Aharon (B99) 2011; 127
Ingall (B202) 2001
Harter (B200) 1976; 124
Antony (B158) 2014; 32
Leon (B187) 2007; 78
Yu (B248) 2014; 88
Gross (B154) 2020; 395
Krummenacher (B294) 2003; 77
Fushimi (B53) 2009; 95
Tamburini (B116) 2016; 22
Shah (B43) 2019; 10
Abou-Bacar (B78) 2004; 72
Algarroba (B155) 2020; 223
Avgil (B264) 2006; 21
Gotz (B84) 2007; 90
Malic (B286) 2020; 3
Li (B74) 2014; 89
Goldenberg (B165) 2000; 342
Menon (B106) 2021; 85
Han (B188) 2004; 72
Koi (B125) 2002; 67
Cahill (B198) 2005; 11
Borzychowski (B39) 2005; 35
Lachapelle (B42) 1996; 156
Kim (B251) 2015; 213
De Coster (B305) 2009; 38
Seong (B229) 2008; 199
Ornoy (B265) 2006; 21
Elliot (B11) 2006; 168
Robinson (B32) 2011; 7
Isles (B219) 2005; 81
Benner (B21) 2020; 32
Vivanti (B148) 2020; 11
Romero (B124) 2014; 2
Wylie (B180) 2018; 219
Howley (B173) 2018; 110
Martinez-Varea (B68) 2017; 45
Seferovic (B128) 2019; 221
Sanchez-Alonzo (B277) 2021; 9
Morrison (B314) 2018; 315
Zhang (B23) 2017; 281
Hieke (B231) 2016; 6
Paulsson (B301) 2019; 23
Li (B216) 2020; 15
Hahn (B101) 2019; 10
References_xml – volume: 4
  start-page: 409
  year: 2011
  ident: B232
  article-title: Epigenetic regulation of human beta-defensin 2 and CC chemokine ligand 20 expression in gingival epithelial cells in response to oral bacteria
  publication-title: Mucosal Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/mi.2010.83
– volume: 81
  start-page: 266
  year: 2020
  ident: B213
  article-title: Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: J Infect.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.046
– volume: 997
  start-page: 136
  year: 2003
  ident: B56
  article-title: Maternal and fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes during pregnancy and postpartum
  publication-title: Ann N Y Acad Sci.
  doi: 10.1196/annals.1290.016
– volume: 342
  start-page: 1500
  year: 2000
  ident: B165
  article-title: Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery
  publication-title: N Eng J Med.
  doi: 10.1056/NEJM200005183422007
– year: 2018
  ident: B71
  article-title: Sustained maternal inflammation during the early third trimester yields fetal adaptations that impair subsequent skeletal muscle growth and glucose metabolism in sheep
  publication-title: Transl Anim Sci.
  doi: 10.1093/tas/txy047
– volume: 89
  start-page: 370
  year: 2014
  ident: B74
  article-title: Altered matrix metalloproteinase-2 and−9 expression/activity links placental ischemia and anti-angiogenic sFlt-1 to uteroplacental and vascular remodeling and collagen deposition in hypertensive pregnancy
  publication-title: Biochem Pharmacol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.03.017
– volume: 4
  start-page: 229
  year: 2012
  ident: B255
  article-title: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli infection: potential importance of epigenetics
  publication-title: Epigenomics.
  doi: 10.2217/epi.12.5
– volume: 63
  start-page: 587
  year: 2014
  ident: B137
  article-title: Toll-like receptors at the maternal-fetal interface in normal pregnancy and pregnancy disorders
  publication-title: Am J Reprod Immunol.
  doi: 10.1111/aji.12258
– volume: 8
  start-page: 61917
  year: 2017
  ident: B239
  article-title: Potential link between Fusobacterium enrichment and DNA methylation accumulation in the inflammatory colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis
  publication-title: Oncotarget.
  doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.18716
– volume: 3
  start-page: e1921036
  year: 2020
  ident: B286
  article-title: Incidence, risk factors, and mortality associated with orofacial cleft among children in Ontario, Canada
  publication-title: JAMA Netw Open.
  doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.21036
– volume: 69
  start-page: 176
  year: 2019
  ident: B298
  article-title: Zika virus induces abnormal cranial osteogenesis by negatively affecting cranial neural crest development
  publication-title: Infect Genet Evol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.023
– volume: 72
  start-page: 1397
  year: 2004
  ident: B78
  article-title: Role of NK cells and gamma interferon in transplacental passage of Toxoplasma gondii in a mouse model of primary infection
  publication-title: Infect Immun.
  doi: 10.1128/IAI.72.3.1397-1401.2004
– volume: 157
  start-page: 49
  year: 2014
  ident: B259
  article-title: Epigenetic contribution to individual variation in response to lipopolysaccharide in bovine dermal fibroblasts
  publication-title: Vet Immunol Immunopathol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.10.015
– volume: 7
  start-page: 850
  year: 2020
  ident: B109
  article-title: Extracellular vesicle mediated crosstalk between the gametes, conceptus, and female reproductive tract
  publication-title: Front Vet Sci.
  doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.589117
– volume: 8
  start-page: 3
  year: 2002
  ident: B166
  article-title: Intrauterine infection and prematurity
  publication-title: Dev Disabil Res Rev.
  doi: 10.1002/mrdd.10008
– volume: 44
  start-page: 104
  year: 2016
  ident: B135
  article-title: Perinatal prognosis of pregnancies complicated by placental chronic villitis or intervillositis of unknown etiology and combined lesions: About a series of 178 cases
  publication-title: Placenta.
  doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.04.017
– volume: 23
  start-page: 1333
  year: 2012
  ident: B54
  article-title: Embryonic fate map of first pharyngeal arch structures in the sox10: kaede zebrafish transgenic model
  publication-title: J Craniofac Surg.
  doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e318260f20b
– volume: 87
  start-page: 675
  year: 2002
  ident: B82
  article-title: Prenatal stress diminishes the cytokine response of leukocytes to endotoxin stimulation in juvenile rhesus monkeys
  publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
  doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.2.8233
– volume: 75
  start-page: 965
  year: 2009
  ident: B210
  article-title: Isolation of bifidobacteria from breast milk and assessment of the bifidobacterial population by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative real-time PCR
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.02063-08
– year: 2018
  ident: B90
  article-title: Changes in myoblast responsiveness to TNFalpha and IL-6 contribute to decreased skeletal muscle mass in intrauterine growth restricted fetal sheep
  publication-title: Transl Anim Sci.
  doi: 10.1093/tas/txy038
– volume: 6
  start-page: e28972
  year: 2011
  ident: B70
  article-title: Choriodecidual group B streptococcal inoculation induces fetal lung injury without intra-amniotic infection and preterm labor in Macaca nemestrina
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028972
– volume: 8
  start-page: 99
  year: 2016
  ident: B253
  article-title: Neonatal monocytes exhibit a unique histone modification landscape
  publication-title: Clin Epigenetics.
  doi: 10.1186/s13148-016-0265-7
– volume: 366
  start-page: 1182
  year: 2005
  ident: B31
  article-title: Increased risk of incident HIV during pregnancy in Rakai, Uganda: a prospective study
  publication-title: Lancet.
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67481-8
– volume: 8
  start-page: 437
  year: 2020
  ident: B254
  article-title: DNA methylation profile in human cord blood mononuclear leukocytes from term neonates: effects of histological chorioamnionitis
  publication-title: Front Pediatr.
  doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00437
– volume: 23
  start-page: 2669
  year: 2008
  ident: B15
  article-title: Chemokine CXCL12 promotes the cross-talk between trophoblasts and decidual stromal cells in human first-trimester pregnancy
  publication-title: Hum Reprod.
  doi: 10.1093/humrep/den308
– year: 2000
  ident: B186
  article-title: Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes
  publication-title: Periodontol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00827.x
– volume: 28
  start-page: 28
  year: 2019
  ident: B28
  article-title: Immunological properties of neural crest cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells
  publication-title: Stem Cells Dev.
  doi: 10.1089/scd.2018.0058
– volume: 15
  start-page: 1169
  year: 2001
  ident: B89
  article-title: Inflammatory cytokines inhibit myogenic differentiation through activation of nuclear factor-kappaB
  publication-title: FASEB j.
  doi: 10.1096/fj.00-0463
– volume: 174
  start-page: 630
  year: 2009
  ident: B115
  article-title: Fetal microchimeric cells participate in tumour angiogenesis in melanomas occurring during pregnancy
  publication-title: Am J Pathol.
  doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080566
– volume: 570
  start-page: 151
  year: 2019
  ident: B311
  article-title: Small, furry and powerful: are mouse lemurs the next big thing in genetics?
  publication-title: Nature.
  doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-01789-0
– volume: 281
  start-page: 53
  year: 2017
  ident: B23
  article-title: Alcohol exposure induces chick craniofacial bone defects by negatively affecting cranial neural crest development
  publication-title: Toxicol Lett.
  doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.010
– volume: 175
  start-page: 315
  year: 1948
  ident: B221
  article-title: The quantitative separation of purines, pyrimidines, and nucleosides by paper chromatography
  publication-title: J Biol Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)57261-6
– volume: 16
  start-page: 3543
  year: 2019
  ident: B289
  article-title: Rubella virus infection, the congenital rubella syndrome, and the link to autism
  publication-title: Int J Environ Res Public Health.
  doi: 10.3390/ijerph16193543
– volume: 6
  start-page: 597
  year: 2005
  ident: B218
  article-title: DNA methylation and human disease
  publication-title: Nat Rev Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/nrg1655
– volume: 310
  start-page: R1020
  year: 2016
  ident: B93
  article-title: Intrauterine growth-restricted sheep fetuses exhibit smaller hindlimb muscle fibers and lower proportions of insulin-sensitive Type I fibers near term
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.
  doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00528.2015
– volume: 9
  start-page: 131
  year: 2021
  ident: B277
  article-title: Intracellular presence of Helicobacter pylori and Its virulence-associated genotypes within the vaginal yeast of term pregnant women
  publication-title: Microorganisms.
  doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9010131
– volume: 17
  start-page: 119
  year: 1997
  ident: B201
  article-title: In utero infection with Treponema pallidum in early pregnancy
  publication-title: Prenat Diagn.
  doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0223(199702)17:2<119::AID-PD39>3.0.CO;2-T
– volume: 4
  start-page: 19
  year: 2019
  ident: B132
  article-title: Fetal exposure to the maternal microbiota in humans and mice
  publication-title: JCI Insight.
  doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.127806
– volume: 32
  start-page: 1031
  year: 2013
  ident: B174
  article-title: Characterization of the vaginal fungal flora in pregnant diabetic women by 18S rRNA sequencing
  publication-title: Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis.
  doi: 10.1007/s10096-013-1847-3
– volume: 23
  start-page: 855
  year: 2019
  ident: B301
  article-title: The impact of premature birth on dental maturation in the permanent dentition
  publication-title: Clin Oral Invest.
  doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2501-3
– volume: 19
  start-page: 165
  year: 2016
  ident: B134
  article-title: Acute placental villitis as evidence of fetal sepsis: an autopsy case report
  publication-title: Pediatr Dev Pathol.
  doi: 10.2350/15-06-1656-CR.1
– volume: 82
  start-page: 788
  year: 2004
  ident: B163
  article-title: Impact of detection of bacterial endotoxin in menstrual effluent on the pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer
  publication-title: Fertil Steril.
  doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.01.054
– volume: 5
  start-page: 18321
  year: 2015
  ident: B24
  article-title: High glucose environment inhibits cranial neural crest survival by activating excessive autophagy in the chick embryo
  publication-title: Sci Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/srep18321
– volume: 79
  start-page: 94
  year: 2012
  ident: B245
  article-title: Analysis of p16(CDKN2A) methylation and HPV-16 infection in oral mucosal dysplasia
  publication-title: Pathobiology.
  doi: 10.1159/000334926
– volume: 179
  start-page: 80
  year: 1998
  ident: B59
  article-title: Normal pregnancy and preeclampsia both produce inflammatory changes in peripheral blood leukocytes akin to those of sepsis
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70254-6
– volume: 18
  start-page: 535
  year: 2012
  ident: B58
  article-title: Aberrant expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone in pre-eclampsia induces expression of fasL in maternal macrophages and extravillous trophoblast apoptosis
  publication-title: Mol Hum Reprod.
  doi: 10.1093/molehr/gas027
– volume: 27
  start-page: 248
  year: 2015
  ident: B66
  article-title: Developmental origins of health and disease: a paradigm for understanding disease cause and prevention
  publication-title: Curr Opin Pediatr.
  doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000191
– volume: 4
  start-page: e1878
  year: 2016
  ident: B55
  article-title: Investigation of the effects of estrogen on skeletal gene expression during zebrafish larval head development
  publication-title: PeerJ.
  doi: 10.7717/peerj.1878
– volume: 64
  start-page: 921
  year: 2017
  ident: B175
  article-title: Early-onset invasive candidiasis in extremely low birth weight infants: perinatal acquisition predicts poor outcome
  publication-title: Clin Infect Dis.
  doi: 10.1093/cid/cix001
– volume: 215
  start-page: 684
  year: 2016
  ident: B10
  article-title: Evidence that the endometrial microbiota has an effect on implantation success or failure
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.09.075
– volume: 88
  start-page: 4466
  year: 2014
  ident: B248
  article-title: Short-chain fatty acids from periodontal pathogens suppress histone deacetylases, EZH2, and SUV39H1 to promote Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication
  publication-title: J Virol.
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.03326-13
– volume: 395
  start-page: 1757
  year: 2020
  ident: B154
  article-title: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breastmilk
  publication-title: Lancet.
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31181-8
– volume: 168
  start-page: 114
  year: 2006
  ident: B11
  article-title: Placental invasiveness mediates the evolution of hybrid inviability in mammals
  publication-title: Am Nat.
  doi: 10.1086/505162
– volume: 3
  start-page: 23
  year: 2008
  ident: B91
  article-title: Endotoxin-induced silencing of mesoderm induction and functional differentiation: role of HMGB1 in pluripotency and infection
  publication-title: Regen Med.
  doi: 10.2217/17460751.3.1.23
– volume: 179
  start-page: 74
  year: 2019
  ident: B29
  article-title: Migratory neural crest cells phagocytose dead cells in the developing nervous system
  publication-title: Cell.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.001
– volume: 35
  start-page: 3054
  year: 2005
  ident: B39
  article-title: Changes in systemic type 1 and type 2 immunity in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia may be mediated by natural killer cells
  publication-title: Eur J Immunol.
  doi: 10.1002/eji.200425929
– volume: 12
  start-page: e0180167
  year: 2017
  ident: B136
  article-title: Bacterial communities found in placental tissues are associated with severe chorioamnionitis and adverse birth outcomes
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180167
– volume: 76
  start-page: 2133
  year: 2005
  ident: B242
  article-title: Effects of maternal Campylobacter rectus infection on murine placenta, fetal and neonatal survival, and brain development
  publication-title: J Periodontol.
  doi: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.11-S.2133
– volume: 16
  start-page: 278
  year: 2016
  ident: B164
  article-title: Bacterial vaginosis and adverse outcomes among full-term infants: a cohort study
  publication-title: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth.
  doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-1073-y
– volume: 10
  start-page: e0120050
  year: 2015
  ident: B238
  article-title: Abnormal pregnancy outcomes in mice using an induced periodontitis model and the haematogenous migration of Fusobacterium nucleatum sub-species to the murine placenta
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120050
– volume: 25
  start-page: 39
  year: 2020
  ident: B151
  article-title: The effect of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV) during pregnancy and the possibility of vertical maternal-fetal transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis
  publication-title: Eur J Med Res.
  doi: 10.1186/s40001-020-00439-w
– volume: 64
  start-page: 38
  year: 2010
  ident: B230
  article-title: Prevalence and diversity of microbes in the amniotic fluid, the fetal inflammatory response, and pregnancy outcome in women with preterm pre-labor rupture of membranes
  publication-title: Am J Reprod Immunol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00830.x
– volume: 302
  start-page: R1143
  year: 2012
  ident: B88
  article-title: In utero glucocorticoid exposure reduces fetal skeletal muscle mass in rats independent of effects on maternal nutrition
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.
  doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00466.2011
– volume: 94
  start-page: 1027
  year: 2014
  ident: B226
  article-title: Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology?
  publication-title: Physiol Rev.
  doi: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2013
– volume: 94
  start-page: 104
  year: 2016
  ident: B194
  article-title: Treponema denticola invasion into human gingival epithelial cells
  publication-title: Microb Pathog.
  doi: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.01.010
– volume: 121
  start-page: 2173
  year: 2013
  ident: B273
  article-title: Malaria during pregnancy with parasite sequestration in the villous chamber
  publication-title: Blood.
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2012-10-465096
– volume: 29
  start-page: 58
  year: 1948
  ident: B2
  article-title: Immunity to homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye
  publication-title: Br J Exp Pathol.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 104
  year: 2017
  ident: B285
  article-title: Identification of shared and unique gene families associated with oral clefts
  publication-title: Int J Oral Sci.
  doi: 10.1038/ijos.2016.56
– volume: 10
  start-page: 659
  year: 2019
  ident: B101
  article-title: Feto-maternal microchimerism: the pre-eclampsia conundrum
  publication-title: Front mmunol.
  doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00659
– volume: 13
  start-page: 423
  year: 2010
  ident: B225
  article-title: Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a maintain DNA methylation and regulate synaptic function in adult forebrain neurons
  publication-title: Nat Neurosci.
  doi: 10.1038/nn.2514
– volume: 20
  start-page: 4
  year: 2018
  ident: B235
  article-title: Treponema denticola increases MMP-2 expression and activation in the periodontium via reversible DNA and histone modifications
  publication-title: Cell Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/cmi.12815
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1467
  year: 2018
  ident: B123
  article-title: Metagenomic analysis with strain-level resolution reveals fine-scale variation in the human pregnancy microbiome
  publication-title: Genome Res.
  doi: 10.1101/gr.236000.118
– volume: 8
  start-page: 12189
  year: 2017
  ident: B185
  article-title: Significant increase of oral bacteria in the early pregnancy period in Japanese women
  publication-title: J Investig Clin Dent.
  doi: 10.1111/jicd.12189
– volume: 518
  start-page: 107
  year: 2019
  ident: B98
  article-title: Maternal circulating syncytiotrophoblast-derived extracellular vesicles contain biologically active 5'-tRNA halves
  publication-title: Biochem Biophys Res Commun.
  doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.015
– volume: 150
  start-page: 470
  year: 2012
  ident: B122
  article-title: Host remodeling of the gut microbiome and metabolic changes during pregnancy
  publication-title: Cell.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.07.008
– volume: 205
  start-page: 83.e1
  year: 2011
  ident: B160
  article-title: Maternal/fetal mortality and fetal growth restriction: role of nitric oxide and virulence factors in intrauterine infection in rats
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.049
– volume: 95
  start-page: 215
  year: 2016
  ident: B234
  article-title: Epigenetic modifications of histones in periodontal disease
  publication-title: J Dent Res.
  doi: 10.1177/0022034515611876
– volume: 37
  start-page: 391
  year: 2013
  ident: B304
  article-title: Enamel defects in the primary dentition of preterm and full-term children
  publication-title: J Clin Pediatr Dent.
  doi: 10.17796/jcpd.37.4.8q77717841781527
– volume: 27
  start-page: 415
  year: 2007
  ident: B100
  article-title: Free fetal DNA in maternal plasma in anembryonic pregnancies: confirmation that the origin is the trophoblast
  publication-title: Prenat Diagn.
  doi: 10.1002/pd.1700
– volume: 32
  start-page: 14
  year: 2014
  ident: B158
  article-title: The microbiome and development: a mother's perspective
  publication-title: Semin Reprod Med.
  doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1361818
– volume: 81
  start-page: 4965
  year: 2015
  ident: B120
  article-title: Microbiota at multiple body sites during pregnancy in a rural tanzanian population and effects of moringa-supplemented probiotic yogurt
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.00780-15
– volume: 182
  start-page: 8080
  year: 2009
  ident: B5
  article-title: Cross-presentation of male seminal fluid antigens elicits T cell activation to initiate the female immune response to pregnancy
  publication-title: J Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804018
– volume: 104
  start-page: 13467
  year: 2007
  ident: B256
  article-title: Histone modifications induced by a family of bacterial toxins
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.0702729104
– volume: 148
  start-page: 1699
  year: 1992
  ident: B30
  article-title: Activation and distribution of inflammatory cells in the mouse uterus during the preimplantation period
  publication-title: J Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.148.6.1699
– volume: 47
  start-page: 38
  year: 2009
  ident: B196
  article-title: Uncultivated bacteria as etiologic agents of intra-amniotic inflammation leading to preterm birth
  publication-title: J Clin Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1128/JCM.01206-08
– volume: 86
  start-page: 169
  year: 2007
  ident: B243
  article-title: Bacterial infection promotes DNA hypermethylation
  publication-title: J Dent Res.
  doi: 10.1177/154405910708600212
– volume: 20
  start-page: 269
  year: 2016
  ident: B296
  article-title: Identification of novel variants in the PVRL1 gene in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate
  publication-title: Genet Test Mol Biomarkers.
  doi: 10.1089/gtmb.2015.0276
– volume: 68
  start-page: 8482
  year: 2008
  ident: B114
  article-title: Fetal cell microchimerism in papillary thyroid cancer: a possible role in tumor damage and tissue repair
  publication-title: Cancer Res.
  doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-0672
– volume: 114
  start-page: 9966
  year: 2017
  ident: B156
  article-title: Replication and refinement of a vaginal microbial signature of preterm birth in two racially distinct cohorts of US women
  publication-title: Proc NatI Acad Sci USA.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1705899114
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0146157
  year: 2016
  ident: B189
  article-title: Porphyromonas gingivalis within placental villous mesenchyme and umbilical cord stroma is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146157
– volume: 145
  start-page: 539
  year: 1999
  ident: B293
  article-title: Nectin/PRR: an immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule recruited to cadherin-based adherens junctions through interaction with Afadin, a PDZ domain-containing protein
  publication-title: J Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1083/jcb.145.3.539
– volume: 315
  start-page: R1123
  year: 2018
  ident: B314
  article-title: Improving pregnancy outcomes in humans through studies in sheep
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.
  doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00391.2017
– volume: 50
  start-page: 351
  year: 2003
  ident: B41
  article-title: Pre-conceptional natural killer cell activity and percentage as predictors of biochemical pregnancy and spontaneous abortion with normal chromosome karyotype
  publication-title: Am J Reprod Immunol.
  doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0897.2003.00095.x
– volume: 387
  start-page: 228
  year: 2016
  ident: B141
  article-title: Zika virus in Brazil and macular atrophy in a child with microcephaly
  publication-title: Lancet.
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00006-4
– volume: 44
  start-page: 1238
  year: 2015
  ident: B249
  article-title: Exposure to aflatoxin B1 in utero is associated with DNA methylation in white blood cells of infants in the Gambia
  publication-title: Int J Epidemiol.
  doi: 10.1093/ije/dyv027
– volume: 125
  start-page: 59
  year: 2008
  ident: B76
  article-title: Toll-like receptor-4-mediated macrophage activation is differentially regulated by progesterone via the glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors
  publication-title: Immunology.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02820.x
– volume: 375
  start-page: 2321
  year: 2016
  ident: B139
  article-title: Zika virus infection in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro
  publication-title: N Engl J Med.
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1602412
– volume: 15
  start-page: e0230295
  year: 2020
  ident: B216
  article-title: The SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 expression of maternal-fetal interface and fetal organs by single-cell transcriptome study
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230295
– volume: 79
  start-page: 137
  year: 1944
  ident: B220
  article-title: Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types: Induction of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III
  publication-title: J Exp Med.
  doi: 10.1084/jem.79.2.137
– volume: 219
  start-page: 189. e1
  year: 2018
  ident: B180
  article-title: The vaginal eukaryotic DNA virome and preterm birth
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.048
– volume: 52
  start-page: 740
  year: 2017
  ident: B203
  article-title: Congenital syphilis with bone lesion: case report
  publication-title: Rev Bras Ortop
  doi: 10.1016/j.rboe.2017.10.002
– volume: 222
  start-page: 610
  year: 2020
  ident: B266
  article-title: Zika virus detection in amniotic fluid and Zika-associated birth defects
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.01.009
– volume: 156
  start-page: 84
  year: 2014
  ident: B321
  article-title: Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits
  publication-title: Cell.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.016
– volume: 11
  start-page: 63
  year: 2018
  ident: B252
  article-title: DNA methylation profiling of acute chorioamnionitis-associated placentas and fetal membranes: insights into epigenetic variation in spontaneous preterm births
  publication-title: Epigenetics Chromatin.
  doi: 10.1186/s13072-018-0234-9
– volume: 27
  start-page: 358
  year: 2009
  ident: B320
  article-title: Developmental origins of health and disease: brief history of the approach and current focus on epigenetic mechanisms
  publication-title: Semin Reprod Med.
  doi: 10.1055/s-0029-1237424
– volume: 175
  start-page: 2843
  year: 2005
  ident: B257
  article-title: Intracellular bacteria differentially regulated endothelial cytokine release by MAPK-dependent histone modification
  publication-title: J Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.2843
– volume: 11
  start-page: 761
  year: 2005
  ident: B198
  article-title: Universal DNA primers amplify bacterial DNA from human fetal membranes and link Fusobacterium nucleatum with prolonged preterm membrane rupture
  publication-title: Mol Hum Reprod.
  doi: 10.1093/molehr/gah234
– volume: 208
  start-page: 395
  year: 2013
  ident: B244
  article-title: DNA methylation at imprint regulatory regions in preterm birth and infection
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.02.006
– volume: 29
  start-page: 403
  year: 2000
  ident: B302
  article-title: Enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth of children born prematurely
  publication-title: J Oral Pathol Med.
  doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0714.2000.290806.x
– volume: 183
  start-page: 1547
  year: 2001
  ident: B79
  article-title: Modification of maternal and congenital cytomegalovirus infection by anti-glycoprotein b antibody transfer in guinea pigs
  publication-title: J Infect Dis.
  doi: 10.1086/320714
– volume: 24
  start-page: 2179
  year: 2005
  ident: B112
  article-title: Identification of male cardiomyocytes of extracardiac origin in the hearts of women with male progeny: male fetal cell microchimerism of the heart
  publication-title: J Heart Lung Transplant.
  doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2005.06.003
– volume: 5
  start-page: 405
  year: 2007
  ident: B40
  article-title: The unique role of natural killer T cells in the response to microorganisms
  publication-title: Nat Rev Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1038/nrmicro1657
– volume: 81
  start-page: 73
  year: 2005
  ident: B219
  article-title: Imprinted genes and mother-offspring interactions
  publication-title: Early Human Dev.
  doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2004.10.006
– volume: 78
  start-page: 1249
  year: 2007
  ident: B187
  article-title: Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the amniotic fluid in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor
  publication-title: J Periodontol.
  doi: 10.1902/jop.2007.060368
– volume-title: Global registry and database on craniofacial anomalies: report of a WHO Registry Meeting on Craniofacial Anomalies/Main
  year: 2003
  ident: B284
– volume: 7
  start-page: e1002149
  year: 2011
  ident: B32
  article-title: Elevated 17beta-estradiol protects females from influenza A virus pathogenesis by suppressing inflammatory responses
  publication-title: PLoS Pathog.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002149
– volume: 214
  start-page: 627.e1
  year: 2016
  ident: B133
  article-title: The placental membrane microbiome is altered among subjects with spontaneous preterm birth with and without chorioamnionitis
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.193
– volume: 44
  start-page: 266
  year: 2017
  ident: B170
  article-title: Adverse birth outcomes and maternal Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection: a population-based cohort study in Washington state
  publication-title: Sex Transm Dis.
  doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000592
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1169
  year: 2017
  ident: B276
  article-title: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with an altered gastric microbiota in children
  publication-title: Mucosal Immunol.
  doi: 10.1038/mi.2016.131
– volume: 127
  start-page: S67
  year: 2011
  ident: B99
  article-title: Microparticles and pregnancy complications
  publication-title: Thromb Res.
  doi: 10.1016/S0049-3848(11)70019-6
– volume: 183
  start-page: 7023
  year: 2009
  ident: B37
  article-title: Systemic increase in the ratio between Foxp3+ and IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells in healthy pregnancy but not in preeclampsia
  publication-title: J Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901154
– volume: 138
  start-page: 2764
  year: 1987
  ident: B7
  article-title: Killing of mouse blastocyst stage embryos by cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed to major histocompatibility complex antigens
  publication-title: J Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.138.9.2764
– volume: 18
  start-page: 305
  year: 2011
  ident: B77
  article-title: The lower serum immunoglobulin G2 level in severe cases than in mild cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza is associated with cytokine dysregulation
  publication-title: Clin Vaccine Immunol.
  doi: 10.1128/CVI.00363-10
– volume: 6
  start-page: 254le4
  year: 2014
  ident: B131
  article-title: Comment on “the placenta harbors a unique microbiome”
  publication-title: Sci Transl Med.
  doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009864
– volume: 79
  start-page: 2
  year: 2018
  ident: B60
  article-title: Gestational tissue inflammatory biomarkers at term labor: A systematic review of literature
  publication-title: Am J Reprod Immunol.
  doi: 10.1111/aji.12776
– volume: 2
  start-page: e382
  year: 2007
  ident: B33
  article-title: Periodic accumulation of regulatory T cells in the uterus: preparation for the implantation of a semi-allogeneic fetus?
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000382
– volume: 116
  start-page: 6938
  year: 2019
  ident: B223
  article-title: Gene activation precedes DNA demethylation in response to infection in human dendritic cells
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1814700116
– volume: 8
  start-page: e56131
  year: 2013
  ident: B197
  article-title: Comparative microbial analysis of paired amniotic fluid and cord blood from pregnancies complicated by preterm birth and early-onset neonatal sepsis
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056131
– volume: 149
  start-page: 139
  year: 2007
  ident: B34
  article-title: Proportion of peripheral blood and decidual CD4(+) CD25(bright) regulatory T cells in pre-eclampsia
  publication-title: Clin Exp Immunol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03397.x
– volume: 35
  start-page: 1451
  year: 2021
  ident: B95
  article-title: Anti-asthma drugs Formoterol and Budesonide (Symbicort) induce orofacial clefts, gastroschisis and heart septum defects in an in vivo model
  publication-title: In Vivo.
  doi: 10.21873/invivo.12397
– volume: 51
  start-page: 350
  year: 2016
  ident: B236
  article-title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene promoter methylation in Japanese adults with chronic periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis
  publication-title: J Periodontal Res.
  doi: 10.1111/jre.12314
– volume: 151
  start-page: 4562
  year: 1993
  ident: B47
  article-title: Synthesis of T helper 2-type cytokines at the maternal-fetal interface
  publication-title: J Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.9.4562
– volume: 65
  start-page: 669
  year: 2009
  ident: B212
  article-title: Influence of maternal bifidobacteria on the establishment of bifidobacteria colonizing the gut in infants
  publication-title: Pediatr Res.
  doi: 10.1203/PDR.0b013e31819ed7a8
– volume: 36
  start-page: 291
  year: 2008
  ident: B138
  article-title: The fetus, not the mother, elicits maternal immunologic rejection: lessons from discordant dizygotic twin placentas
  publication-title: J Perinat Med.
  doi: 10.1515/JPM.2008.054
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1599
  year: 1988
  ident: B85
  article-title: Immunoregulatory cells in human decidua: morphology, immunohistochemistry and function
  publication-title: Reprod Nutr Develop
  doi: 10.1051/rnd:19881006
– volume: 25
  start-page: 788
  year: 2018
  ident: B111
  article-title: Fetal and placental DNA stimulation of TLR9: A mechanism possibly contributing to the pro-inflammatory events during parturition
  publication-title: Reprod Sci.
  doi: 10.1177/1933719117728798
– volume: 21
  start-page: 436
  year: 2006
  ident: B264
  article-title: Herpes simplex virus and Epstein-Barr virus infections in pregnancy: consequences of neonatal or intrauterine infection
  publication-title: Reprod Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.11.014
– volume: 7
  start-page: 9212
  year: 2017
  ident: B121
  article-title: The vaginal microbiome of pregnant women is less rich and diverse, with lower prevalence of Mollicutes, compared to non-pregnant women
  publication-title: Sci Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07790-9
– volume: 4
  start-page: 2331
  year: 2019
  ident: B258
  article-title: Methionine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses via DNA methylation in macrophages
  publication-title: ACS Omega.
  doi: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03571
– volume: 348
  start-page: 128
  year: 2012
  ident: B61
  article-title: Visfatin regulates the terminal processes of human labour and delivery via activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway
  publication-title: Mol Cell Endocrinol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.048
– volume: 176
  start-page: 1534
  year: 2006
  ident: B104
  article-title: Pregnancy-associated exosomes and their modulation of T cell signaling
  publication-title: J Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1534
– volume: 5
  start-page: 514
  year: 2014
  ident: B69
  article-title: From monocytes to M1/M2 macrophages: phenotypical vs. functional differentiation
  publication-title: Front Immunol.
  doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00514
– volume: 71
  start-page: 13
  year: 2012
  ident: B217
  article-title: Ontogeny of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
  publication-title: Pediatr Res.
  doi: 10.1038/pr.2011.7
– volume: 170
  start-page: 548
  year: 2017
  ident: B241
  article-title: Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemoresistance to colorectal cancer by modulating autophagy
  publication-title: Cell.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.008
– volume: 5
  start-page: 128
  year: 1997
  ident: B290
  article-title: Chlamydia trachomatis infection, immunity, and pregnancy outcome
  publication-title: Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1098-0997(1997)5:2<128::AID-IDOG7>3.0.CO;2-W
– volume: 169
  start-page: 1161
  year: 1993
  ident: B162
  article-title: Endotoxin and interleukin-1 alpha in the cervical mucus and vaginal fluid of pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90274-M
– volume: 31
  start-page: 81
  year: 1996
  ident: B45
  article-title: A progesterone-dependent immunomodulatory protein alters the Th1/Th2 balance
  publication-title: J Reprod Immunol.
  doi: 10.1016/0165-0378(96)00964-3
– volume: 86
  start-page: 519
  year: 2014
  ident: B146
  article-title: Herpes simplex virus: prevalence in placental tissue and incidence in neonatal cord blood samples
  publication-title: J Med Virol.
  doi: 10.1002/jmv.23817
– volume: 118
  start-page: 1155
  year: 2011
  ident: B282
  article-title: Varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox) infection in pregnancy
  publication-title: BJOG.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.02983.x
– volume: 87
  start-page: 898
  year: 2020
  ident: B80
  article-title: Persistently high levels of maternal antenatal inflammation are associated with and mediate the effect of prenatal environmental adversities on neurodevelopmental delay in the offspring
  publication-title: Biol Psychiatry.
  doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.004
– volume: 36
  start-page: 189
  year: 2019
  ident: B102
  article-title: Extracellular vesicle mediated embryo-endometrial cross talk during implantation and in pregnancy
  publication-title: J Assist Reprod Genet.
  doi: 10.1007/s10815-018-1343-x
– volume: 27
  start-page: e00239
  year: 2020
  ident: B271
  article-title: Candida chorioamnionitis associated with late stillbirth: A case report
  publication-title: Case Rep Womens Health.
  doi: 10.1016/j.crwh.2020.e00239
– volume: 74
  start-page: 896
  year: 2006
  ident: B22
  article-title: The chemokines, CX3CL1, CCL14, and CCL4, promote human trophoblast migration at the feto-maternal interface
  publication-title: Biol Reprod.
  doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.105.045518
– volume: 12
  start-page: 151
  year: 2019
  ident: B107
  article-title: Detection of fetal trisomy and single gene disease by massively parallel sequencing of extracellular vesicle DNA in maternal plasma: a proof-of-concept validation
  publication-title: BMC Med Genomics.
  doi: 10.1186/s12920-019-0590-8
– volume: 37
  start-page: 230
  year: 2010
  ident: B192
  article-title: Gingival changes during pregnancy: II. Influence of hormonal variations on the subgingival biofilm
  publication-title: J Clin Periodontol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01514.x
– volume: 220
  start-page: 267.e1
  year: 2019
  ident: B127
  article-title: Does the human placenta delivered at term have a microbiota? Results of cultivation, quantitative real-time PCR, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metagenomics
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2018.10.018
– start-page: 259
  year: 2005
  ident: B292
  article-title: Variation in IRF6 contributes to nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate
  publication-title: Am J Med Genet A.
  doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30887
– volume: 165
  start-page: 1081
  year: 2016
  ident: B147
  article-title: Zika virus infection during pregnancy in mice causes placental damage and fetal demise
  publication-title: Cell.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.008
– volume: 73
  start-page: 629
  year: 2018
  ident: B263
  article-title: Orofacial clefts and infections during pregnancy
  publication-title: Biologia.
  doi: 10.2478/s11756-018-0065-y
– volume: 5
  start-page: 48
  year: 2017
  ident: B119
  article-title: A critical assessment of the “sterile womb” and “in utero colonization” hypotheses: implications for research on the pioneer infant microbiome
  publication-title: Microbiome.
  doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0268-4
– volume: 48
  start-page: 1082
  year: 1993
  ident: B4
  article-title: Expression of H-2K major histocompatibility antigens on preimplantation mouse embryos
  publication-title: Biol Reprod.
  doi: 10.1095/biolreprod48.5.1082
– volume: 38
  start-page: 1
  year: 2009
  ident: B305
  article-title: Dental agenesis: genetic and clinical perspectives
  publication-title: J Oral Pathol Med.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2008.00699.x
– volume: 11
  start-page: 3572
  year: 2020
  ident: B148
  article-title: Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection
  publication-title: Nat Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-17436-6
– volume: 19
  start-page: 901
  year: 2016
  ident: B316
  article-title: Bacterial peptidoglycan traverses the placenta to induce fetal neuroproliferation and aberrant postnatal behavior
  publication-title: Cell Host Microbe.
  doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.05.017
– volume: 87
  start-page: 700
  year: 2002
  ident: B57
  article-title: Cortisol/progesterone antagonism in regulation of 15-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and mRNA levels in human chorion and placental trophoblast cells at term
  publication-title: J Clin Endocrinol Metab.
  doi: 10.1210/jcem.87.2.8245
– volume: 189
  start-page: 861
  year: 2003
  ident: B199
  article-title: The infectious origins of stillbirth
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1067/S0002-9378(03)00470-8
– start-page: 259
  year: 2005
  ident: B312
  article-title: Factors affecting the choice of species
  publication-title: The laboratory Primate Cape Town
– volume: 295
  start-page: R1953
  year: 2008
  ident: B215
  article-title: ACE2 expression and activity are enhanced during pregnancy
  publication-title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.
  doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.90592.2008
– volume: 112
  start-page: 38
  year: 2004
  ident: B35
  article-title: Normal human pregnancy is associated with an elevation in the immune suppressive CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T-cell subset
  publication-title: Immunology.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2004.01869.x
– volume: 152
  start-page: 113
  year: 2014
  ident: B50
  article-title: Modulation of estrogen causes disruption of craniofacial chondrogenesis in Danio rerio
  publication-title: Aquat Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.028
– volume: 20
  start-page: 297
  year: 1944
  ident: B206
  article-title: Tooth buds and jaws in patients with congenital syphilis: correlation between distribution of treponema pallidum and tissue reaction
  publication-title: Am J Pathol.
– volume: 8
  start-page: 870
  year: 2019
  ident: B92
  article-title: Teratogenic rubella virus alters the endodermal differentiation capacity of human induced pluripotent stem cells
  publication-title: Cells.
  doi: 10.3390/cells8080870
– volume: 117
  start-page: 15772
  year: 2020
  ident: B14
  article-title: Three types of HLA-G+ extravillous trophoblasts that have distinct immune regulatory properties
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.2000484117
– volume: 140
  start-page: 4157
  year: 1988
  ident: B19
  article-title: Lack of HLA class I and class II antigens on human preimplantation embryos
  publication-title: J Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.140.12.4157
– volume: 152
  start-page: 1521
  year: 1998
  ident: B142
  article-title: Transduction of human trophoblastic cells by replication-deficient recombinant viral vectors. Promoting cellular differentiation affects virus entry
  publication-title: Am J Pathol.
– volume: 218
  start-page: S23
  year: 2018
  ident: B178
  article-title: 30: Diversity of the vaginal virome is associated with preterm birth
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.441
– volume: 100
  start-page: 13013
  year: 2003
  ident: B323
  article-title: Genomewide screening for fusogenic human endogenous retrovirus envelopes identifies syncytin 2, a gene conserved on primate evolution
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.2132646100
– volume: 67
  start-page: 4974
  year: 1999
  ident: B171
  article-title: Experimental transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from pregnant rat to fetus
  publication-title: Infect Immun.
  doi: 10.1128/IAI.67.9.4974-4976.1999
– volume: 20
  start-page: 310
  year: 2012
  ident: B303
  article-title: Prevalence of enamel defects and associated risk factors in both dentitions in preterm and full term born children
  publication-title: J Appl Oral Sci.
  doi: 10.1590/S1678-77572012000300003
– volume: 42
  start-page: 459
  year: 2005
  ident: B308
  article-title: Hypoplasia and hypodontia in Van der Woude syndrome
  publication-title: Cleft Palate Craniofac J.
  doi: 10.1597/04-028.1
– volume: 192
  start-page: 221
  year: 2010
  ident: B310
  article-title: Cytomegalovirus induces stage-dependent enamel defects and misexpression of amelogenin, enamelin and dentin sialophosphoprotein in developing mouse molars
  publication-title: Cells Tissues Organs.
  doi: 10.1159/000314909
– volume: 75
  start-page: 1429
  year: 2020
  ident: B81
  article-title: Maternal hypertensive pregnancy disorders and mental disorders in children
  publication-title: Hypertension.
  doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14140
– volume: 24
  start-page: 299
  year: 2009
  ident: B184
  article-title: Does the frequency of Prevotella intermedia increase during pregnancy?
  publication-title: Oral Microbiol Immunol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1399-302X.2009.00509.x
– volume: 289
  start-page: 1197
  year: 2014
  ident: B275
  publication-title: Arch Gynecol Obstet
  doi: 10.1007/s00404-013-3138-8
– volume: 1
  start-page: 515
  year: 1861
  ident: B268
  article-title: Clinical lecture on heredito-syphilitic struma: and on the teeth as a means of diagnosis
  publication-title: Br Med J.
  doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.20.515
– volume: 45
  start-page: 523
  year: 2017
  ident: B68
  article-title: Clinical chorioamnionitis at term VII: the amniotic fluid cellular immune response
  publication-title: J Perinat Med.
  doi: 10.1515/jpm-2016-0225
– volume: 87
  start-page: 198
  year: 2007
  ident: B8
  article-title: Favorable influence of local injury to the endometrium in intracytoplasmic sperm injection patients with high-order implantation failure
  publication-title: Fertil Steril.
  doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.062
– volume: 395
  start-page: 760
  year: 2020
  ident: B152
  article-title: What are the risks of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women?
  publication-title: Lancet.
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30365-2
– volume: 367
  start-page: 8429
  year: 2020
  ident: B318
  article-title: Maternal gut microbiota in pregnancy influences offspring metabolic phenotype in mice
  publication-title: Science.
  doi: 10.1126/science.aaw8429
– volume: 49
  start-page: 397
  year: 2018
  ident: B48
  article-title: Interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in pregnancy and fetal development
  publication-title: Immunity.
  doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.017
– volume: 36
  start-page: 1119
  year: 2007
  ident: B250
  article-title: Aflatoxin exposure in utero causes growth faltering in Gambian infants
  publication-title: Int J Epidemiol.
  doi: 10.1093/ije/dym122
– volume: 72
  start-page: 2272
  year: 2004
  ident: B188
  article-title: Fusobacterium nucleatum induces premature and term stillbirths in pregnant mice: implication of oral bacteria in preterm birth
  publication-title: Infect Immun.
  doi: 10.1128/IAI.72.4.2272-2279.2004
– volume: 12
  start-page: 5
  year: 2019
  ident: B153
  article-title: Recent updates on research models and tools to study virus-host interactions at the placenta
  publication-title: Viruses.
  doi: 10.3390/v12010005
– volume: 44
  start-page: 1475
  year: 2006
  ident: B195
  article-title: Transmission of an uncultivated Bergeyella strain from the oral cavity to amniotic fluid in a case of preterm birth
  publication-title: J Clin Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1128/JCM.44.4.1475-1483.2006
– volume: 74
  start-page: 1311
  year: 2014
  ident: B240
  article-title: Fusobacterium in colonic flora and molecular features of colorectal carcinoma
  publication-title: Cancer Res.
  doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-1865
– volume: 216
  start-page: 189
  year: 2015
  ident: B313
  article-title: Implantation and establishment of pregnancy in human and nonhuman primates
  publication-title: Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-15856-3_10
– volume: 112
  start-page: 1096
  year: 2005
  ident: B44
  article-title: Modulation of cytokine production by dydrogesterone in lymphocytes from women with recurrent miscarriage
  publication-title: BJOG.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2005.00633.x
– volume: 85
  start-page: e13353
  year: 2021
  ident: B106
  article-title: Extracellular vesicles in spontaneous preterm birth
  publication-title: Am J Reprod Immunol.
  doi: 10.1111/aji.13353
– volume: 112
  start-page: 11060
  year: 2015
  ident: B157
  article-title: Temporal and spatial variation of the human microbiota during pregnancy
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1502875112
– volume: 10
  start-page: 327
  year: 2016
  ident: B205
  article-title: Dental stigmata of congenital syphilis: a historic review with present day relevance
  publication-title: Head Neck Pathol.
  doi: 10.1007/s12105-016-0703-z
– volume: 190
  start-page: 826
  year: 2004
  ident: B144
  article-title: Viral and bacterial pathogens at the maternal-fetal interface
  publication-title: J Infect Dis.
  doi: 10.1086/422330
– volume: 21
  start-page: 446
  year: 2006
  ident: B265
  article-title: Pregnancy outcome following infections by coxsackie, echo, measles, mumps, hepatitis, polio and encephalitis viruses
  publication-title: Reprod Toxicol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.12.007
– volume: 299
  start-page: 252
  year: 2009
  ident: B291
  article-title: Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is expressed in the ovine uterus and functions as a transcriptional activator
  publication-title: Mol Cell Endocrinol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.025
– volume: 8
  start-page: 32762
  year: 2016
  ident: B181
  article-title: Emerging role of bacteria in oral carcinogenesis: a review with special reference to perio-pathogenic bacteria
  publication-title: J Oral Microbiol.
  doi: 10.3402/jom.v8.32762
– volume: 75
  start-page: 200
  year: 1958
  ident: B176
  article-title: Candida albicans infection of the amniotic sac
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(58)90572-6
– volume: 10
  start-page: 1
  year: 2008
  ident: B113
  article-title: Breast cancer stroma frequently recruits fetal derived cells during pregnancy
  publication-title: Breast Cancer Res.
  doi: 10.1186/bcr1860
– volume: 74
  start-page: 3321
  year: 2000
  ident: B322
  article-title: An envelope glycoprotein of the human endogenous retrovirus HERV-W is expressed in the human placenta and fuses cells expressing the type D mammalian retrovirus receptor
  publication-title: J Virol.
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.74.7.3321-3329.2000
– volume: 327
  start-page: 1077
  year: 1986
  ident: B65
  article-title: Infant mortality, childhood nutrition, and Ischaemic heart disease in England and Wales
  publication-title: Lancet.
  doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(86)91340-1
– volume: 89
  start-page: 1166
  year: 2008
  ident: B9
  article-title: Local injury to the endometrium in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles improves implantation rates
  publication-title: Fertil Steril.
  doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.05.064
– volume: 27
  start-page: 366
  year: 2012
  ident: B13
  article-title: Trophoblast-derived chemokine CXCL12 promotes CXCR4 expression and invasion of human first-trimester decidual stromal cells
  publication-title: Hum Reprod.
  doi: 10.1093/humrep/der395
– volume: 62
  start-page: 133
  year: 2013
  ident: B179
  article-title: Maternal oral origin of Fusobacterium nucleatum in adverse pregnancy outcomes as determined using the 16S-23S rRNA gene intergenic transcribed spacer region
  publication-title: J Med Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.049452-0
– volume: 124
  start-page: 705
  year: 1976
  ident: B200
  article-title: Fetal syphilis in the first trimester
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/S0002-9378(16)33340-3
– volume: 96
  start-page: 2987
  year: 2018
  ident: B94
  article-title: ASAS-SSR triennnial reproduction symposium: looking back and moving forward-how reproductive physiology has evolved: fetal origins of impaired muscle growth and metabolic dysfunction: lessons from the heat-stressed pregnant ewe
  publication-title: J Anim Sci.
  doi: 10.1093/jas/sky164
– volume: 2017
  start-page: 8010961
  year: 2017
  ident: B20
  article-title: Maternal adaptive immune cells in decidua parietalis display a more activated and coinhibitory phenotype compared to decidua basalis
  publication-title: Stem Cells Int.
  doi: 10.1155/2017/8010961
– volume: 261
  start-page: 412
  year: 2007
  ident: B67
  article-title: The origins of the developmental origins theory
  publication-title: J Intern Med.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x
– volume: 58
  start-page: 143
  year: 2002
  ident: B83
  article-title: Effect of prenatal stress on the hormonal response to acute and chronic stress and on immune parameters in the offspring
  publication-title: J Physiol Biochem.
  doi: 10.1007/BF03179851
– volume: 21
  start-page: 2120
  year: 2020
  ident: B108
  article-title: Extracellular vesicles in feto-maternal crosstalk and pregnancy disorders
  publication-title: Int J Mol Sci.
  doi: 10.3390/ijms21062120
– volume: 75
  start-page: 7
  year: 2017
  ident: B75
  article-title: Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in endometrial extracellular matrix turnover in Chlamydia trachomatis-infected recurrent spontaneous aborters
  publication-title: Pathog Dis.
  doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftx007
– volume: 90
  start-page: 108
  year: 2007
  ident: B84
  article-title: Psychosocial maternal stress during pregnancy affects serum corticosterone, blood immune parameters and anxiety behaviour in adult male rat offspring
  publication-title: Physiol Behav.
  doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.014
– volume: 286
  start-page: 82
  year: 2019
  ident: B72
  article-title: Chorioamnionitis exposure remodels the unique histone modification landscape of neonatal monocytes and alters the expression of immune pathway genes
  publication-title: FEBS j.
  doi: 10.1111/febs.14728
– volume: 10
  start-page: 500
  year: 2017
  ident: B25
  article-title: Temperature-activated ion channels in neural crest cells confer maternal fever-associated birth defects
  publication-title: Sci Signal.
  doi: 10.1126/scisignal.aal4055
– volume: 70
  start-page: 47
  year: 2006
  ident: B51
  article-title: Effect of estrogens on the interferon-gamma producing cell population of mouse splenocytes
  publication-title: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem.
  doi: 10.1271/bbb.70.47
– volume: 63
  start-page: 3878
  year: 1995
  ident: B193
  article-title: Porphyromonas gingivalis invasion of gingival epithelial cells
  publication-title: Infect Immun.
  doi: 10.1128/iai.63.10.3878-3885.1995
– volume: 213
  start-page: S29
  year: 2015
  ident: B251
  article-title: Acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis: definition, pathologic features, and clinical significance
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.040
– volume: 69
  start-page: 89
  year: 2016
  ident: B237
  article-title: Increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene transcript in relation to IL-6 promoter hypomethylation in gingival tissue from patients with chronic periodontitis
  publication-title: Arch Oral Biol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.05.018
– volume: 11
  start-page: 575197
  year: 2020
  ident: B63
  article-title: Maternal immunological adaptation during normal pregnancy
  publication-title: Front Immunol.
  doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575197
– volume: 10
  start-page: e0004517
  year: 2016
  ident: B140
  article-title: Zika virus infection and stillbirths: a case of hydrops fetalis, hydranencephaly and fetal demise
  publication-title: PLOS Negl Trop Dis.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004517
– volume: 110
  start-page: 1105
  year: 2011
  ident: B161
  article-title: The aetiology of bacterial vaginosis
  publication-title: J Appl Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.04977.x
– volume: 36
  start-page: 114
  year: 1994
  ident: B287
  article-title: Maternal hyperthermia and infection as one of possible causes of orofacial clefts
  publication-title: Acta Chir Plast.
– volume: 223
  start-page: 953
  year: 2020
  ident: B155
  article-title: Confirmatory evidence of the visualization of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 invading the human placenta using electron microscopy
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.08.106
– volume: 155
  start-page: 1451
  year: 2013
  ident: B317
  article-title: Microbiota modulate behavioral and physiological abnormalities associated with neurodevelopmental disorders
  publication-title: Cell.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.024
– volume: 81
  start-page: 7078
  year: 2015
  ident: B211
  article-title: Exploring vertical transmission of bifidobacteria from mother to child
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.02037-15
– volume: 112
  start-page: 13312
  year: 2015
  ident: B17
  article-title: The HLA-G cycle provides for both NK tolerance and immunity at the maternal-fetal interface
  publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1517724112
– volume: 8
  start-page: e81407
  year: 2013
  ident: B110
  article-title: Elevated procoagulant endothelial and tissue factor expressing microparticles in women with recurrent pregnancy loss
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081407
– volume: 23
  start-page: 839
  year: 2009
  ident: B145
  article-title: Detection of herpes simplex virus in first trimester pregnancy loss using molecular techniques
  publication-title: In Vivo.
– volume: 15
  start-page: e0237232
  year: 2020
  ident: B130
  article-title: Evidence for contamination as the origin for bacteria found in human placenta rather than a microbiota
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237232
– volume: 158
  start-page: R189
  year: 2019
  ident: B103
  article-title: Effects of extracellular vesicles on placentation and pregnancy disorders
  publication-title: Reproduction.
  doi: 10.1530/REP-19-0147
– volume: 84
  start-page: e02150
  year: 2018
  ident: B159
  article-title: A Lactobacillus-deficient vaginal microbiota dominates postpartum women in rural Malawi
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.02150-17
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1801
  year: 2015
  ident: B222
  article-title: Bacterial infection remodels the DNA methylation landscape of human dendritic cells
  publication-title: Genome Res.
  doi: 10.1101/gr.192005.115
– volume: 31
  start-page: 187
  year: 1964
  ident: B1
  article-title: Transplantation immunity and the maternal-fetal relationship
  publication-title: Trans Stud Coll Physicians Phila.
– volume: 20
  start-page: 423
  year: 2016
  ident: B27
  article-title: Zika virus infection induces cranial neural crest cells to produce cytokines at levels detrimental for neurogenesis
  publication-title: Cell Host Microbe.
  doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.09.006
– volume: 182
  start-page: 1404
  year: 2000
  ident: B86
  article-title: Intrauterine infection and preterm delivery: evidence for activation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1067/mob.2000.106180
– volume: 125
  start-page: 2808
  year: 2015
  ident: B62
  article-title: Steroid receptor coactivators 1 and 2 mediate fetal-to-maternal signaling that initiates parturition
  publication-title: J Clin Invest.
  doi: 10.1172/JCI78544
– volume: 64
  start-page: 77
  year: 2010
  ident: B46
  article-title: PIBF: the double edged sword. Pregnancy and tumor
  publication-title: Am J Reprod Immunol.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00833.x
– volume: 18
  start-page: 908
  year: 2016
  ident: B246
  article-title: Prenatal exposures and DNA methylation in newborns: a pilot study in Durban, South Africa
  publication-title: Environ Sci Process Impacts.
  doi: 10.1039/C6EM00074F
– volume: 21
  start-page: e144
  year: 2014
  ident: B283
  article-title: Maternal hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection and neonatal neurological outcomes
  publication-title: J Viral Hepat.
  doi: 10.1111/jvh.12250
– volume: 9
  start-page: 223
  year: 1877
  ident: B307
  article-title: On irregular and defective tooth development
  publication-title: Trans Odontol Soc GB.
– volume: 150
  start-page: 3877
  year: 2009
  ident: B52
  article-title: Estrogens augment cell surface TLR4 expression on murine macrophages and regulate sepsis susceptibility in vivo
  publication-title: Endocrinology.
  doi: 10.1210/en.2009-0098
– volume: 9
  start-page: 551
  year: 2017
  ident: B191
  article-title: The oral microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes
  publication-title: Int J Womens Health.
  doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S142730
– volume: 181
  start-page: 271
  year: 2020
  ident: B214
  article-title: SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor
  publication-title: Cell.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052
– volume: 75
  start-page: 103
  year: 2018
  ident: B209
  article-title: Bifidobacteria and the infant gut: an example of co-evolution and natural selection
  publication-title: Cell Mol Life Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/s00018-017-2672-0
– volume: 67
  start-page: 1572
  year: 2002
  ident: B125
  article-title: Syncytiotrophoblast is a barrier to maternal-fetal transmission of herpes simplex virus
  publication-title: Biol Reprod.
  doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.102.004325
– volume: 11
  start-page: 205
  year: 2016
  ident: B247
  article-title: Epigenome-Microbiome crosstalk: A potential new paradigm influencing neonatal susceptibility to disease
  publication-title: Epigenetics.
  doi: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1155011
– volume: 27
  start-page: e20180276
  year: 2019
  ident: B267
  article-title: Clinical and x-ray oral evaluation in patients with congenital Zika Virus
  publication-title: J Appl Oral Sci.
  doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0276
– volume: 2
  start-page: 4
  year: 2014
  ident: B124
  article-title: The composition and stability of the vaginal microbiota of normal pregnant women is different from that of non-pregnant women
  publication-title: Microbiome.
  doi: 10.1186/2049-2618-2-4
– volume: 145
  start-page: dev156273
  year: 2018
  ident: B260
  article-title: Comparative analysis of mouse and human placentae across gestation reveals species-specific regulators of placental development
  publication-title: Development.
  doi: 10.1242/dev.156273
– volume: 9
  start-page: 2360
  year: 2018
  ident: B183
  article-title: Keystone species in pregnancy gingivitis: a snapshot of oral microbiome during pregnancy and postpartum period
  publication-title: Front Microbiol.
  doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02360
– volume: 77
  start-page: 13301
  year: 2003
  ident: B143
  article-title: Human cytomegalovirus transmission from the uterus to the placenta correlates with the presence of pathogenic bacteria and maternal immunity
  publication-title: J Virol.
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.24.13301-13314.2003
– volume: 42
  start-page: 1
  year: 1999
  ident: B38
  article-title: Localization of the Th2 cytokines IL-3, IL-4, IL-10 at the fetomaternal interface during human and murine pregnancy and lack of requirement for Fas/Fas ligand interaction for a successful allogeneic pregnancy
  publication-title: Am J Reprod Immunol.
  doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-4197-0_6
– volume: 221
  start-page: 146.e1
  year: 2019
  ident: B128
  article-title: Visualization of microbes by 16S in situ hybridization in term and preterm placentas without intraamniotic infection
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.036
– volume: 32
  start-page: 108204
  year: 2020
  ident: B21
  article-title: Clusters of tolerogenic B cells feature in the dynamic immunological landscape of the pregnant uterus
  publication-title: Cell Rep.
  doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108204
– volume: 14
  start-page: 2325
  year: 2020
  ident: B118
  article-title: Ecological succession in the vaginal microbiota during pregnancy and birth
  publication-title: ISME J.
  doi: 10.1038/s41396-020-0686-3
– volume: 89
  start-page: 672
  year: 2013
  ident: B169
  article-title: Chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections and the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
  publication-title: Sex Transm Infect.
  doi: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051118
– volume: 88
  start-page: 1037
  year: 1991
  ident: B204
  article-title: Long-bone radiographic abnormalities as a sign of active congenital syphilis in asymptomatic newborns
  publication-title: Pediatrics.
  doi: 10.1542/peds.88.5.1037
– volume: 26
  start-page: 12
  year: 1884
  ident: B306
  article-title: Syphilitic teeth
  publication-title: Dent Cosmos.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 463
  year: 2000
  ident: B280
  article-title: Congenital syphilis: A guide to diagnosis and management
  publication-title: Paediatr Child Health.
  doi: 10.1093/pch/5.8.463
– volume: 102
  start-page: 1569
  year: 2003
  ident: B16
  article-title: CXCL12 expression by invasive trophoblasts induces the specific migration of CD16–human natural killer cells
  publication-title: Blood.
  doi: 10.1182/blood-2003-02-0517
– volume: 66
  start-page: 17
  year: 2018
  ident: B105
  article-title: Reduced placental protein 13 (PP13) in placental derived syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles in preeclampsia - A novel tool to study the impaired cargo transmission of the placenta to the maternal organs
  publication-title: Placenta.
  doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.04.013
– volume: 42
  start-page: 397
  year: 2020
  ident: B64
  article-title: Multiomic immune clockworks of pregnancy
  publication-title: Semin Immunopathol.
  doi: 10.1007/s00281-019-00772-1
– volume: 6
  start-page: 237ra65
  year: 2014
  ident: B126
  article-title: The placenta harbors a unique microbiome
  publication-title: Sci Transl Med.
  doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3008599
– volume: 28
  start-page: 405
  year: 2009
  ident: B182
  article-title: The oral microbiota: living with a permanent guest
  publication-title: DNA Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1089/dna.2009.0874
– volume: 7
  start-page: 2441
  year: 2017
  ident: B297
  article-title: Differential methylation is associated with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate and contributes to penetrance effects
  publication-title: Sci Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02721-0
– volume: 77
  start-page: 8985
  year: 2003
  ident: B294
  article-title: Cellular localization of nectin-1 and glycoprotein D during herpes simplex virus infection
  publication-title: J Virol.
  doi: 10.1128/JVI.77.16.8985-8999.2003
– volume: 158
  start-page: 705
  year: 2014
  ident: B319
  article-title: Altering the intestinal microbiota during a critical developmental window has lasting metabolic consequences
  publication-title: Cell.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.052
– volume: 117
  start-page: 1399
  year: 2007
  ident: B6
  article-title: Constraints in antigen presentation severely restrict T cell recognition of the allogeneic fetus
  publication-title: J Clin Invest.
  doi: 10.1172/JCI28214
– volume: 110
  start-page: 1443
  year: 2018
  ident: B173
  article-title: Maternal genitourinary infections and risk of birth defects in the national birth defects prevention study
  publication-title: Birth Defects Res.
  doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1409
– volume: 293
  start-page: 1089
  year: 2001
  ident: B228
  article-title: Epigenetic reprogramming in mammalian development
  publication-title: Science.
  doi: 10.1126/science.1063443
– volume: 78
  start-page: 334
  year: 1949
  ident: B288
  article-title: Congenital anomalies following maternal rubella
  publication-title: Am J Dis Child.
  doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1949.02030050347007
– volume: 251
  start-page: 9
  year: 1992
  ident: B270
  article-title: The prevalence and clinical significance of intraamniotic infection with Candida species in women with preterm labor
  publication-title: Arch Gynecol Obstet.
  doi: 10.1007/BF02718273
– volume: 141
  start-page: 391
  year: 2011
  ident: B172
  article-title: Comparative studies of placentation and immunology in non-human primates suggest a scenario for the evolution of deep trophoblast invasion and an explanation for human pregnancy disorders
  publication-title: Reproduction.
  doi: 10.1530/REP-10-0530
– volume: 96
  start-page: 1014
  year: 2017
  ident: B300
  article-title: Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with offspring hypodontia
  publication-title: J Dent Res.
  doi: 10.1177/0022034517711156
– volume: 93
  start-page: F51
  year: 2008
  ident: B87
  article-title: Fetal cortisol response to intrauterine microbial colonisation identified by the polymerase chain reaction and fetal inflammation
  publication-title: Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed.
  doi: 10.1136/adc.2006.110130
– volume: 57
  start-page: 404
  year: 2005
  ident: B117
  article-title: Bacteria and inflammatory cells in fetal membranes do not always cause preterm labor
  publication-title: Pediatr Res.
  doi: 10.1203/01.PDR.0000153869.96337.90
– volume: 2012
  start-page: 109705
  year: 2012
  ident: B315
  article-title: Transplacental transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in a highly malaria endemic area of Burkina Faso
  publication-title: J Trop Med.
  doi: 10.1155/2012/109705
– volume: 4
  start-page: eaat6114
  year: 2019
  ident: B12
  article-title: Immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface
  publication-title: Sci Immunol.
  doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aat6114
– volume: 22
  start-page: 713
  year: 2016
  ident: B116
  article-title: The microbiome in early life: implications for health outcomes
  publication-title: Nat Med.
  doi: 10.1038/nm.4142
– volume: 91
  start-page: 108
  year: 2011
  ident: B269
  article-title: Maternal self-reported genital tract infections during pregnancy and the risk of selected birth defects
  publication-title: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol.
  doi: 10.1002/bdra.20749
– volume: 22
  start-page: 12364
  year: 2017
  ident: B278
  article-title: Helicobacter pylori colonization and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, spontaneous prematurity, and small for gestational age birth
  publication-title: Helicobacter.
  doi: 10.1111/hel.12364
– volume: 78
  start-page: 670
  year: 2007
  ident: B190
  article-title: Evidence of periopathogenic microorganisms in placentas of women with preeclampsia
  publication-title: J Periodontol.
  doi: 10.1902/jop.2007.060362
– volume: 199
  start-page: 375 e1
  year: 2008
  ident: B229
  article-title: The frequency of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and histologic chorioamnionitis in women at term with intact membranes in the presence or absence of labor
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.040
– volume: 14
  start-page: 86
  year: 2018
  ident: B96
  article-title: Multiple midline defects identified in a litter of golden retrievers following gestational administration of prednisone and doxycycline: a case series
  publication-title: BMC Vet Res.
  doi: 10.1186/s12917-018-1419-y
– volume: 20
  start-page: 394
  year: 2020
  ident: B150
  article-title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) infection during late pregnancy: a report of 18 patients from Wuhan, China
  publication-title: BMC Pregnancy Childbirth.
  doi: 10.1186/s12884-020-03026-3
– volume: 17
  start-page: 219
  year: 2012
  ident: B279
  article-title: Does maternal Helicobacter pylori infection increase the risk of occurrence of neural tube defects in newborns in Northern Iran?
  publication-title: Neurosciences.
– volume: 17
  start-page: 1279
  year: 2013
  ident: B233
  article-title: Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS stimulation downregulates DNMT1, DNMT3a, and JMJD3 gene expression levels in human HaCaT keratinocytes
  publication-title: Clin Oral Investig.
  doi: 10.1007/s00784-012-0816-z
– year: 2001
  ident: B202
  publication-title: Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant
– volume: 107
  start-page: 25
  year: 1998
  ident: B207
  article-title: Dental defects of congenital syphilis
  publication-title: Am J Phys Anthropol.
  doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199809)107:1<25::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-C
– volume: 66
  start-page: 860
  year: 2007
  ident: B262
  article-title: Preferential loss of the nonimprinted allele for the ZAC1 tumor suppressor gene in human capillary hemangioblastoma
  publication-title: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol.
  doi: 10.1097/nen.0b013e318149ee64
– volume: 81
  start-page: e00036
  year: 2017
  ident: B208
  article-title: The first microbial colonizers of the human gut: composition, activities, and health implications of the infant gut microbiota
  publication-title: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev.
  doi: 10.1128/MMBR.00036-17
– volume: 51
  start-page: 169
  year: 1994
  ident: B3
  article-title: Temporal and spatial expression of major histocompatibility complex class I H-2K in the early mouse embryo
  publication-title: Biol Reprod.
  doi: 10.1095/biolreprod51.2.169
– volume: 33
  start-page: 135
  year: 2016
  ident: B167
  article-title: Bacterial vaginosis in association with spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy losses
  publication-title: J Cytol.
  doi: 10.4103/0970-9371.188050
– volume: 17
  start-page: 459
  year: 2017
  ident: B272
  article-title: Report of an unsual case of anophthalmia and craniofacial cleft in a newborn with Toxoplasma gondii congenital infection
  publication-title: BMC Infect Dis.
  doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2565-8
– volume: 38
  start-page: 167
  year: 2011
  ident: B168
  article-title: Sexually transmitted infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women attending inner city public sexually transmitted diseases clinics
  publication-title: Sex Transm Dis.
  doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181f2e85f
– volume: 204
  start-page: 398
  year: 2011
  ident: B261
  article-title: Tumor suppressor gene ZAC/PLAGL1: altered expression and loss of the nonimprinted allele in pheochromocytomas
  publication-title: Cancer Genet.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2011.07.002
– volume: 25
  start-page: 427
  year: 2000
  ident: B295
  article-title: Mutations of PVRL1, encoding a cell-cell adhesion molecule/herpesvirus receptor, in cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia
  publication-title: Nat Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/78119
– volume: 9
  start-page: e84420
  year: 2014
  ident: B299
  article-title: Prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs and dental agenesis
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084420
– volume: 156
  start-page: 4027
  year: 1996
  ident: B42
  article-title: Endometrial T, B, and NK cells in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Altered profile and pregnancy outcome
  publication-title: J Immunol.
  doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.156.10.4027
– volume: 10
  start-page: 15028
  year: 2020
  ident: B26
  article-title: Vitamin E is necessary for zebrafish nervous system development
  publication-title: Sci Rep.
  doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71760-x
– volume: 72
  start-page: 1381
  year: 2018
  ident: B97
  article-title: Exosomes from women with preeclampsia induced vascular dysfunction by delivering sFlt (soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase)-1 and sEng (soluble endoglin) to endothelial cells
  publication-title: Hypertension.
  doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11706
– volume: 84
  start-page: e00483
  year: 2018
  ident: B129
  article-title: Enrichment of clinically relevant organisms in spontaneous preterm-delivered placentas and reagent contamination across all clinical groups in a large pregnancy cohort in the United Kingdom
  publication-title: Appl Environ Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1128/AEM.00483-18
– volume: 26
  start-page: 869
  year: 2005
  ident: B281
  article-title: Congenital varicella-zoster virus infection. A rare case of severe brain and ocular malformations without limb or cutaneous involvement in a newborn after maternal subclinical infection
  publication-title: Saudi Med J.
– volume: 5
  start-page: 67
  year: 2001
  ident: B18
  article-title: HLA Class I protein expression in the human placenta
  publication-title: Early Pregnancy.
– volume: 223
  start-page: 111.e1
  year: 2020
  ident: B149
  article-title: Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnant women: a report based on 116 cases
  publication-title: Am J Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.04.014
– volume: 56
  start-page: 39
  year: 1994
  ident: B224
  article-title: Expression of DNA methyltransferase gene in mature and immature neurons as well as proliferating cells in mice
  publication-title: Different Res Biol Diversity.
  doi: 10.1046/j.1432-0436.1994.56120039.x
– volume: 96
  start-page: 792
  year: 2018
  ident: B73
  article-title: Exposure to chorioamnionitis alters the monocyte transcriptional response to the neonatal pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis
  publication-title: Immunol Cell Biol.
  doi: 10.1111/imcb.12037
– volume: 8
  start-page: e82436
  year: 2013
  ident: B49
  article-title: Crosstalk between Wnt/beta-catenin and estrogen receptor signaling synergistically promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells
  publication-title: PLoS ONE.
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082436
– volume: 79
  start-page: 617
  year: 2007
  ident: B274
  article-title: Neural tube defects, micronutrient deficiencies, and Helicobacter pylori: a new hypothesis
  publication-title: Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol.
  doi: 10.1002/bdra.20382
– volume: 7
  start-page: 31
  year: 1983
  ident: B309
  article-title: Congenital and perinatal cytomegalovirus infections
  publication-title: Semin Perinatol.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 198
  year: 2019
  ident: B43
  article-title: Progesterone-related immune modulation of pregnancy and labor
  publication-title: Front Endocrinol.
  doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00198
– volume: 234
  start-page: 4924
  year: 2019
  ident: B36
  article-title: Altered T-cell subpopulations in recurrent pregnancy loss patients with cellular immune abnormalities
  publication-title: J Cell Physiol.
  doi: 10.1002/jcp.27290
– volume: 95
  start-page: 292
  year: 2009
  ident: B53
  article-title: 17beta-Estradiol inhibits chondrogenesis in the skull development of zebrafish embryos
  publication-title: Aquat Toxicol
  doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.03.004
– volume: 2017
  start-page: 9060138
  year: 2017
  ident: B177
  article-title: Candida chorioamnionitis leads to preterm birth and adverse fetal-neonatal outcome
  publication-title: Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol.
  doi: 10.1155/2017/9060138
– volume: 8
  start-page: 253
  year: 2007
  ident: B227
  article-title: Environmental epigenomics and disease susceptibility
  publication-title: Nat Rev Genet.
  doi: 10.1038/nrg2045
– volume: 6
  start-page: 39096
  year: 2016
  ident: B231
  article-title: Human dental stem cells suppress PMN activity after infection with the periodontopathogens Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia
  publication-title: Sci Rep
  doi: 10.1038/srep39096
SSID ssj0002512235
Score 2.2423415
SecondaryResourceType review_article
Snippet Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit...
SourceID doaj
pubmedcentral
proquest
pubmed
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
Enrichment Source
StartPage 735634
SubjectTerms craniofacial development
fetal development
infections
maternal inflammation
Oral Health
pregnancy
Title Role of Maternal Infections and Inflammatory Responses on Craniofacial Development
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35048051
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2621657247
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8757860
https://doaj.org/article/7c93665242cc4c228510e896b97f8586
Volume 2
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1NT9wwELUQp14QqIUGKDJSLz2EzTr2ODm2qAgqwWFVJG6W7dgCCRLELv-fGTusdqsKLtzy4SjWzCRvxjN-w9h320XEESdLYauqpIRhaQV0ZQPgGxWh8pp2I19ewfm1_HOjblZafVFNWKYHzoKbaN_WAAqRxHvphUAPoQpNC67VsVFNIttGzFsJpugfTKgtapXzkhiFtZP4NFDuQUxPdK2glms4lOj6_-dj_lsquYI9Z9tsa3Qa-c882R22EfrPbDYb7gMfIr-0mciZX4yFVf2c276jU1T3Q0qj81muhQ1zPvT8FAHqboiWlsv5StnQF3Z99vvv6Xk5dkgovQSxKAN4_IaEpq5QMXaI5046YrQLPtjorCX0Cc47KbQOIcRGNq4NwnXCNqLT9S7b7Ic-fGUcPTEL2mG8Zb2MUVrvVIyAB7F1KMuCTV7lZfxIH05dLO4NhhEkYUMSNiRhkyVcsB_LJx4zdcYbY3-RCpbjiPQ6XUBTMKMpmPdMoWDHrwo0-JFQ5sP2YXieGwFiCkoLqQu2lxW6fFWtaFu9mhZMr6l6bS7rd_q720TEnZoBQLX_EZM_YJ9IHql8DQ7Z5uLpOXxDf2fhjpJpH6WFqBeuyP-R
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Role+of+Maternal+Infections+and+Inflammatory+Responses+on+Craniofacial+Development&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+oral+health&rft.au=Anjali+Y.+Bhagirath&rft.au=Anjali+Y.+Bhagirath&rft.au=Anjali+Y.+Bhagirath&rft.au=Manoj+Reddy+Medapati&rft.date=2021-09-06&rft.pub=Frontiers+Media+S.A&rft.eissn=2673-4842&rft.volume=2&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffroh.2021.735634&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_7c93665242cc4c228510e896b97f8586
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2673-4842&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2673-4842&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2673-4842&client=summon