Role of Maternal Infections and Inflammatory Responses on Craniofacial Development

Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit severe immunological cascades in the mother's body as well as the developing fetus. Maternal infections and resulting inflammatory response...

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Published inFrontiers in oral health Vol. 2; p. 735634
Main Authors Bhagirath, Anjali Y., Medapati, Manoj Reddy, de Jesus, Vivianne Cruz, Yadav, Sneha, Hinton, Martha, Dakshinamurti, Shyamala, Atukorallaya, Devi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 06.09.2021
Subjects
craniofacial development
fetal development
infections
maternal inflammation
Oral Health
pregnancy
infections
craniofacial development
maternal inflammation
fetal development
pregnancy
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Summary:Pregnancy is a tightly regulated immunological state. Mild environmental perturbations can affect the developing fetus significantly. Infections can elicit severe immunological cascades in the mother's body as well as the developing fetus. Maternal infections and resulting inflammatory responses can mediate epigenetic changes in the fetal genome, depending on the developmental stage. The craniofacial development begins at the early stages of embryogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the immunology of pregnancy and its responsive mechanisms on maternal infections. Further, we will also discuss the epigenetic effects of pathogens, their metabolites and resulting inflammatory responses on the fetus with a special focus on craniofacial development. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of infections and dysregulated inflammatory responses during prenatal development could provide better insights into the origins of craniofacial birth defects.
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This article was submitted to Oral Infections and Microbes, a section of the journal Frontiers in Oral Health
These authors have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship
Edited by: Nagihan Bostanci, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Sweden
Reviewed by: Roger M. Arce, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States; Flavia Lakschevitz, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, United States
ISSN:2673-4842
2673-4842
DOI:10.3389/froh.2021.735634