How metabolic acidosis and oxidative stress alone and interacting may increase the risk of fracture in diabetic subjects
Subjects with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for having fractures, a risk not necessarily improved by better glucose control. In this article, we argue that low grade metabolic acidosis and increased oxidative stress occurring in bone disease in part as a result of complications...
Saved in:
| Published in | Medical hypotheses Vol. 79; no. 2; pp. 189 - 192 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors | , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
United States
Elsevier Ltd
01.08.2012
|
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
Cover
Loading…
| Abstract | Subjects with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for having fractures, a risk not necessarily improved by better glucose control. In this article, we argue that low grade metabolic acidosis and increased oxidative stress occurring in bone disease in part as a result of complications of diabetes, reinforce each other, and together constitute a double jeopardy for the development of bone fractures in diabetic subjects. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Subjects with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for having fractures, a risk not necessarily improved by better glucose control. In this article, we argue that low grade metabolic acidosis and increased oxidative stress occurring in bone disease in part as a result of complications of diabetes, reinforce each other, and together constitute a double jeopardy for the development of bone fractures in diabetic subjects. Subjects with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for having fractures, a risk not necessarily improved by better glucose control. In this article, we argue that low grade metabolic acidosis and increased oxidative stress occurring in bone disease in part as a result of complications of diabetes, reinforce each other, and together constitute a double jeopardy for the development of bone fractures in diabetic subjects.Subjects with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for having fractures, a risk not necessarily improved by better glucose control. In this article, we argue that low grade metabolic acidosis and increased oxidative stress occurring in bone disease in part as a result of complications of diabetes, reinforce each other, and together constitute a double jeopardy for the development of bone fractures in diabetic subjects. Abstract Subjects with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for having fractures, a risk not necessarily improved by better glucose control. In this article, we argue that low grade metabolic acidosis and increased oxidative stress occurring in bone disease in part as a result of complications of diabetes, reinforce each other, and together constitute a double jeopardy for the development of bone fractures in diabetic subjects. |
| Author | Frassetto, L.A. Sebastian, A. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: L.A. surname: Frassetto fullname: Frassetto, L.A. email: frassett@gcrc.ucsf.edu organization: Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: A. surname: Sebastian fullname: Sebastian, A. organization: Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22583559$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNqFks1u1TAQhS1URG8LL8ACeckmwT9JnCCEVFWUIlViAUjsLMceU98mdrGd0vv2dbjtphJlZdlzvjPWmTlCBz54QOg1JTUltHu3rWe43NWMUFaTpiacPkMb2nJWMSHEAdoQTrpq6IU4REcpbQkhQ8P7F-iQsbbnbTts0O15-INnyGoMk9NYaWdCcgkrb3C4dUZldwM45QipPE7lA39LzmeISmfnf-FZ7cpdR1AJcL4EHF26wsFiuyqWCKWKjVMj5NIhLeMWdE4v0XOrpgSv7s9j9OPs0_fT8-ri6-cvpycXlW46livTKdGOwmjLO9HRxlhlB22VtkNne0NVOxighnAmdGON7kENnIHteGNGMIwfo7d73-sYfi-Qspxd0jBNykNYkqSE8ZbzthFF-uZeuowzGHkd3aziTj6kVQT9XqBjSCmCldrlklDwOSo3FS-5DkZu5ToYuQ5GkkaWwRSUPUIf3J-EPuwhKAHdOIgyaQdeg3GxZChNcE_jHx_henLeaTVdwQ7SNizRl-gllakw8tu6Luu2UEYIHbqfxeD9vw3-1_0OqgjStQ |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_3389_fnut_2022_869132 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms23115987 crossref_primary_10_1021_acs_jafc_5b02668 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijbiomac_2018_08_056 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms21072513 crossref_primary_10_1038_nrendo_2016_153 crossref_primary_10_1186_1471_2474_14_114 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00198_016_3614_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11914_022_00755_6 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_actbio_2020_11_033 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_biopha_2020_110342 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbmr_1763 crossref_primary_10_1002_jbmr_2897 crossref_primary_10_1186_s12891_025_08495_1 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00198_014_2988_7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00198_015_3454_x crossref_primary_10_1093_jn_nxaa335 crossref_primary_10_2139_ssrn_4111775 crossref_primary_10_1155_2014_690783 crossref_primary_10_1007_s43465_023_01049_4 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_freeradbiomed_2021_06_015 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1995.tb03268.x 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.12.034 10.1073/pnas.89.23.11126 10.1016/j.exger.2009.11.007 10.1016/j.bone.2008.11.018 10.1007/s00125-005-1786-3 10.1210/endo-119-1-119 10.1007/s11010-006-9270-z 10.1681/ASN.2009111130 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.161bl.x 10.1152/ajpheart.00358.2008 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731549.x 10.1007/BF03345062 10.1172/JCI105466 10.1007/s001980070114 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01540-X 10.1359/jbmr.081015 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06621.x 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.006 10.1016/j.bone.2009.02.004 10.1002/jbmr.5650051330 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14055.x 10.1007/s00223-001-1058-2 10.1016/j.abb.2010.07.021 10.1002/jbmr.5650080112 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00319-1 10.2337/dc06-0440 10.1002/jbmr.216 10.1007/s00240-004-0444-4 10.1152/ajpregu.00114.2004 10.1007/s00198-005-1863-y 10.1016/j.injury.2007.01.001 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.04.014 10.1038/jcbfm.1989.9 10.1007/s10522-009-9212-8 10.1182/blood.V99.1.394 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.06.004 10.1172/JCI104384 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.00264.x 10.1159/000073019 10.1007/s00198-006-0253-4 10.1152/japplphysiol.01298.2006 10.1007/s001250051248 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2012 Elsevier Ltd Elsevier Ltd Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2012 Elsevier Ltd – notice: Elsevier Ltd – notice: Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: EIF name: MEDLINE url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search sourceTypes: Index Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1532-2777 |
| EndPage | 192 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 22583559 10_1016_j_mehy_2012_04_031 S030698771200196X 1_s2_0_S030698771200196X |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- --K --M .1- .FO .GJ .~1 0R~ 1B1 1P~ 1RT 1~. 1~5 29M 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5GY 5RE 5VS 7-5 71M 8P~ 9JM AABNK AAEDT AAEDW AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AATTM AAWTL AAXKI AAXUO AAYWO ABBQC ABFNM ABGSF ABJNI ABLJU ABMAC ABMZM ABUDA ABWVN ABXDB ABZDS ACDAQ ACGFS ACIEU ACRLP ACRPL ACVFH ADBBV ADCNI ADEZE ADMUD ADNMO ADUVX AEBSH AEHWI AEIPS AEKER AENEX AEUPX AEVXI AFFNX AFJKZ AFPUW AFRHN AFTJW AFXIZ AGCQF AGHFR AGQPQ AGRDE AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AIEXJ AIGII AIIUN AIKHN AITUG AJRQY AJUYK AKBMS AKRWK AKYEP ALCLG ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMRAJ ANKPU ANZVX APXCP ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN BKOJK BLXMC BNPGV CAG COF CS3 DU5 EBS EFJIC EFKBS EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN G-2 G-Q GBLVA HEA HMK HMO HVGLF HZ~ IHE J1W KOM LZ2 M29 M41 MO0 N9A O-L O9- OAUVE OGGZJ OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. Q38 R2- ROL RPZ SAE SCC SDF SDG SDP SEL SES SEW SPCBC SSH SSP SSU SSZ T5K UHS WUQ Z5R ZGI ~G- AACTN AFCTW AFKWA AJOXV AMFUW RIG AAIAV AATCM ABLVK ABYKQ AJBFU DOVZS EFLBG LCYCR AAYXX AGRNS CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c462t-d6a75b7dcf367614dfaf9cfacf96f8d1a59de1d0327c4fdc8ea932ef634dbed23 |
| IEDL.DBID | .~1 |
| ISSN | 0306-9877 1532-2777 |
| IngestDate | Fri Jul 11 10:54:29 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 03 07:04:41 EDT 2025 Tue Jul 01 00:55:45 EDT 2025 Thu Apr 24 23:06:13 EDT 2025 Fri Feb 23 02:34:30 EST 2024 Sun Feb 23 10:18:42 EST 2025 Tue Aug 26 19:13:06 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 2 |
| Language | English |
| License | https://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0 Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c462t-d6a75b7dcf367614dfaf9cfacf96f8d1a59de1d0327c4fdc8ea932ef634dbed23 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| PMID | 22583559 |
| PQID | 1023533547 |
| PQPubID | 23479 |
| PageCount | 4 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_1023533547 pubmed_primary_22583559 crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_mehy_2012_04_031 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mehy_2012_04_031 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_mehy_2012_04_031 elsevier_clinicalkeyesjournals_1_s2_0_S030698771200196X elsevier_clinicalkey_doi_10_1016_j_mehy_2012_04_031 |
| ProviderPackageCode | CITATION AAYXX |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2012-08-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2012-08-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 08 year: 2012 text: 2012-08-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States |
| PublicationTitle | Medical hypotheses |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Med Hypotheses |
| PublicationYear | 2012 |
| Publisher | Elsevier Ltd |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd |
| References | Brewer (b0095) 2010; 45 Schafer, Buettner (b0075) 2000; 28 Anaforoglu, Nar-Demirer, Bascil-Tutuncu, Ertorer (b0055) 2009; 23 Hamada, Fujii, Fukagawa (b0120) 2009; 45 Waterfall, Singh, Fry, Marsden (b0180) 1996; 712 Christopher, Broussard, Peterson (b0065) 1995; 9 Schafer, Qian, Buettner (b0155) 2000; 46 Tsai, Wang, Chen, Fong, Wu (b0205) 1997; 502 Li, Siesjo (b0165) 1997; 161 Audran, Chappard, Legrand, Libouban, Baslé (b0050) 2001; 69 Muthusami, Ramachandran, Muthusamy (b0110) 2005; 360 Lennon, Lemann, Litzow (b0240) 1966; 45 Harrison, Rameshwar, Chang, Bandari (b0100) 2002; 99 Frick, Krieger, Nehrke, Bushinsky (b0135) 2009; 24 Souma, Abe, Moriguchi (b0195) 2011; 22 Schnitzler, Wing, Mesquita, Gear, Robson, Smyth (b0045) 1990; 5 Ying, Han, Miller, Swanson (b0185) 1999; 73 Asha, Shiva Shankar Reddy, Subramanyam (b0200) 2009; 10 Vestergaard, Rejnmark, Mosekilde (b0015) 2005; 48 Forsen, Meyer, Midthjell, Edna (b0020) 1999; 42 Dalle-Donne, Scaloni, Butterfield (b0150) 2005 Vantyghem, Balduyck, Zerimech, Martin, Douillard, Bans (b0090) 2000; 23 Chen, Cameron, Simpson (b0040) 2011; 26 Benetos, Babis, Zoubos, Benetou, Soucacos (b0035) 2007; 38 Tungsanga, Sriboonlue, Futrakul, Yachantha, Tosukhowong (b0190) 2004; 33 Bushinsky, Wolbach, Sessler, Mogilevsky, Levi-Setti (b0125) 1993; 8 Clanton (b0220) 2007; 102 Krieger, Sessler, Bushinsky (b0130) 1992; 262 Frelin, Vigne, Ladoux, Lazdunski (b0070) 1988; 174 Arnett (b0105) 2010; 503 Lawler, Cline, Hu, Coast (b0175) 1997; 273 Robergs, Ghiasvand, Parker (b0225) 2004; 287 Vestergaard (b0005) 2007; 18 Rains, Jain (b0060) 2011; 50 Rehncrona, Hauge, Siesjo (b0160) 1989; 9 Sun, Sun, Crane, Morré, Lindgren, Löw (b0215) 1991; 89 Campos Pastor, López Ibarra, Escobar-Jiménez, Serrano Pardo, García-Cervigón (b0030) 2000; 11 Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell, Farrell (b0140) 2009 Berkemeyer (b0170) 2010; 75 Arnett, Dempster (b0245) 1986; 119 Relman, Lennon, Lemann (b0235) 1961; 40 Shen, Yeh, Stoecker, Chyu, Wang (b0230) 2009; 44 Rustom, Wang, McArdle (b0080) 2003; 95 Lewerenz, Dargusch, Maher (b0085) 2010; 113 Legramante, Sacco, Raimondi (b0210) 2009; 296 Lehninger, Nelson, Cox (b0145) 2005; vol. 1 Janghorbani, Feskanich, Willett, Hu (b0010) 2006; 29 De Laet, Kanis, Oden (b0025) 2005; 16 Ozgocmen, Kaya, Fadillioglu, Aydogan, Yilmaz (b0115) 2007; 295 Janghorbani (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0010) 2006; 29 Souma (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0195) 2011; 22 Lennon (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0240) 1966; 45 Vantyghem (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0090) 2000; 23 Li (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0165) 1997; 161 Arnett (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0245) 1986; 119 Sun (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0215) 1991; 89 De Laet (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0025) 2005; 16 Waterfall (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0180) 1996; 712 Relman (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0235) 1961; 40 Campos Pastor (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0030) 2000; 11 Krieger (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0130) 1992; 262 Muthusami (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0110) 2005; 360 Dalle-Donne (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0150) 2005 Asha (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0200) 2009; 10 Harrison (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0100) 2002; 99 Benetos (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0035) 2007; 38 Bettelheim (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0140) 2009 Audran (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0050) 2001; 69 Clanton (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0220) 2007; 102 Vestergaard (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0005) 2007; 18 Lewerenz (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0085) 2010; 113 Forsen (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0020) 1999; 42 Shen (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0230) 2009; 44 Robergs (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0225) 2004; 287 Christopher (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0065) 1995; 9 Frelin (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0070) 1988; 174 Arnett (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0105) 2010; 503 Lawler (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0175) 1997; 273 Rains (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0060) 2011; 50 Schafer (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0155) 2000; 46 Rustom (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0080) 2003; 95 Chen (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0040) 2011; 26 Ying (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0185) 1999; 73 Frick (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0135) 2009; 24 Anaforoglu (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0055) 2009; 23 Tsai (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0205) 1997; 502 Schafer (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0075) 2000; 28 Hamada (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0120) 2009; 45 Ozgocmen (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0115) 2007; 295 Lehninger (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0145) 2005; vol. 1 Berkemeyer (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0170) 2010; 75 Legramante (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0210) 2009; 296 Schnitzler (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0045) 1990; 5 Brewer (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0095) 2010; 45 Tungsanga (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0190) 2004; 33 Rehncrona (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0160) 1989; 9 Bushinsky (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0125) 1993; 8 Vestergaard (10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0015) 2005; 48 |
| References_xml | – volume: 24 start-page: 305 year: 2009 end-page: 313 ident: b0135 article-title: Metabolic acidosis increases intracellular calcium in bone cells through activation of the proton receptor OGR1 publication-title: J Bone Miner Res – volume: 22 start-page: 635 year: 2011 end-page: 648 ident: b0195 article-title: Luminal alkalinization attenuates proteinuria-induced oxidative damage in proximal tubular cells publication-title: J Am Soc Nephrol – volume: 360 start-page: 81 year: 2005 end-page: 86 ident: b0110 article-title: Ovariectomy induces oxidative stress and impairs bone antioxidant system in adult rats publication-title: Clin Chim Acta – volume: 10 start-page: 659 year: 2009 end-page: 669 ident: b0200 article-title: Oxidative stress and intracellular pH in the young and old erythrocytes of rat publication-title: Biogerontology – volume: 45 start-page: 1601 year: 1966 end-page: 1607 ident: b0240 article-title: The effect of diet and stool composition on the net external acid balance of normal subjects publication-title: J Clin Invest – volume: 102 start-page: 2379 year: 2007 end-page: 2388 ident: b0220 article-title: Hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species formation in skeletal muscle publication-title: J Appl Physiol – volume: 29 start-page: 1573 year: 2006 end-page: 1578 ident: b0010 article-title: Prospective study of diabetes and risk of hip fracture: the nurses’ health study publication-title: Diabetes Care – volume: 9 start-page: 24 year: 1995 end-page: 31 ident: b0065 article-title: Heinz body formation associated with ketoacidosis in diabetic cats publication-title: J Vet Intern Med – volume: 262 start-page: F442 year: 1992 end-page: F448 ident: b0130 article-title: Acidosis inhibits osteoblastic and stimulates osteoclastic activity in vitro publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 23 start-page: 12 year: 2009 end-page: 17 ident: b0055 article-title: Prevalence of osteoporosis and factors affecting bone mineral density among postmenopausal Turkish women with type 2 diabetes publication-title: J Diabetes Complications – volume: 8 start-page: 93 year: 1993 end-page: 102 ident: b0125 article-title: Physicochemical effects of acidosis on bone calcium flux and surface ion composition publication-title: J Bone Miner Res – volume: 119 start-page: 119 year: 1986 end-page: 124 ident: b0245 article-title: Effect of pH on bone resorption by rat osteoclasts in vitro publication-title: Endocrinology – volume: 50 start-page: 567 year: 2011 end-page: 575 ident: b0060 article-title: Oxidative stress, insulin signaling, and diabetes publication-title: Free Radic Biol Med – volume: 38 start-page: 735 year: 2007 end-page: 744 ident: b0035 article-title: Factors affecting the risk of hip fractures publication-title: Injury – volume: 44 start-page: 684 year: 2009 end-page: 690 ident: b0230 article-title: Green tea polyphenols mitigate deterioration of bone microarchitecture in middle-aged female rats publication-title: Bone – volume: 26 start-page: 428 year: 2011 end-page: 433 ident: b0040 article-title: Low-trauma fractures indicate increased risk of hip fracture in frail older people publication-title: J Bone Miner Res – year: 2005 ident: b0150 article-title: Redox proteomics: from protein modifications to cellular dysfunction and diseases – volume: 40 start-page: 1621 year: 1961 end-page: 1630 ident: b0235 article-title: Endogenous production of fixed acid and the measurement of net balance of acid in normal subjects publication-title: J Clin Invest – volume: 89 start-page: 11126 year: 1991 end-page: 11130 ident: b0215 article-title: Requirement for coenzyme Q in plasma membrane electron transport publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA – volume: 45 start-page: 173 year: 2010 end-page: 179 ident: b0095 article-title: Epigenetic oxidative redox shift (EORS) theory of aging unifies the free radical and insulin signaling theories publication-title: Exp Gerontol – volume: 11 start-page: 455 year: 2000 end-page: 459 ident: b0030 article-title: Intensive insulin therapy and bone mineral density in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a prospective study publication-title: Osteoporos Int – volume: 287 start-page: R502 year: 2004 end-page: R516 ident: b0225 article-title: Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis publication-title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol – volume: 48 start-page: 1292 year: 2005 end-page: 1299 ident: b0015 article-title: Relative fracture risk in patients with diabetes mellitus, and the impact of insulin and oral antidiabetic medication on relative fracture risk publication-title: Diabetologia – volume: 502 start-page: 161 year: 1997 end-page: 174 ident: b0205 article-title: Mechanism of oxidative stress-induced intracellular acidosis in rat cerebellar astrocytes and C6 glioma cells publication-title: J Physiol – volume: 46 start-page: 657 year: 2000 end-page: 662 ident: b0155 article-title: Iron and free radical oxidations in cell membranes publication-title: Cell Mol Biol (Noisy) – volume: 9 start-page: 65 year: 1989 end-page: 70 ident: b0160 article-title: Enhancement of iron-catalyzed free radical formation by acidosis in brain homogenates: differences in effect by lactic acid and CO2 publication-title: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab – volume: 99 start-page: 394 year: 2002 ident: b0100 article-title: Oxygen saturation in the bone marrow of healthy volunteers publication-title: Blood – volume: 296 start-page: H202 year: 2009 end-page: H210 ident: b0210 article-title: Investigating feedforward neural regulation of circulation from analysis of spontaneous arterial pressure and heart rate fluctuations in conscious rats publication-title: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol – volume: 42 start-page: 920 year: 1999 end-page: 925 ident: b0020 article-title: Diabetes mellitus and the incidence of hip fracture: results from the Nord-Trondelag Health Survey publication-title: Diabetologia – volume: 75 start-page: 59 year: 2010 end-page: 64 ident: b0170 article-title: The straight line hypothesis elaborated: case reference obesity, an argument for acidosis, oxidative stress, and disease conglomeration? publication-title: Med Hypotheses – volume: 113 start-page: 502 year: 2010 end-page: 514 ident: b0085 article-title: Lactacidosis modulates glutathione metabolism and oxidative glutamate toxicity publication-title: J Neurochem – volume: 174 start-page: 3 year: 1988 end-page: 14 ident: b0070 article-title: The regulation of the intracellular pH in cells from vertebrates publication-title: Eur J Biochem – volume: 23 start-page: 732 year: 2000 end-page: 736 ident: b0090 article-title: Oxidative markers in diabetic ketoacidosis publication-title: J Endocrinol Invest – volume: 273 start-page: R630 year: 1997 end-page: R636 ident: b0175 article-title: Effect of oxidative stress and acidosis on diaphragm contractile function publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 16 start-page: 1330 year: 2005 end-page: 1338 ident: b0025 article-title: Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis publication-title: Osteoporosis Int – volume: 161 start-page: 567 year: 1997 end-page: 580 ident: b0165 article-title: Role of hyperglycaemia-related acidosis in ischaemic brain damage publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand – volume: 28 start-page: 1175 year: 2000 end-page: 1181 ident: b0075 article-title: Acidic pH amplifies iron-mediated lipid peroxidation in cells publication-title: Free Radic Biol Med – volume: 5 start-page: S195 year: 1990 end-page: S200 ident: b0045 article-title: Risk factors for the development of stress fractures during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis publication-title: J Bone Miner Res – volume: 712 start-page: 102 year: 1996 end-page: 106 ident: b0180 article-title: Acute acidosis elevates malonaldehyde in rat brain in vivo publication-title: Brain Res – volume: 295 start-page: 45 year: 2007 end-page: 52 ident: b0115 article-title: Role of antioxidant systems, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide in postmenopausal osteoporosis publication-title: Mol Cell Biochem – volume: vol. 1 year: 2005 ident: b0145 publication-title: Lehninger principles of biochemistry – volume: 18 start-page: 427 year: 2007 end-page: 444 ident: b0005 article-title: Discrepancies in bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes – a meta-analysis publication-title: Osteoporos Int – volume: 95 start-page: e13 year: 2003 end-page: e23 ident: b0080 article-title: Oxidative stress in a novel model of chronic acidosis in LLC-PK1 cells publication-title: Nephron Exp Nephrol – volume: 69 start-page: 214 year: 2001 end-page: 217 ident: b0050 article-title: Bone microarchitecture and bone fragility in men: DXA and histomorphometry in humans and in the orchidectomized rat model publication-title: Calcif Tissue Int – volume: 503 start-page: 103 year: 2010 end-page: 109 ident: b0105 article-title: Acidosis, hypoxia and bone publication-title: Arch Biochem Biophys – volume: 45 start-page: S35 year: 2009 end-page: S38 ident: b0120 article-title: Role of oxidative stress in diabetic bone disorder publication-title: Bone – year: 2009 ident: b0140 article-title: Introduction to general, organic and biochemistry – volume: 33 start-page: 65 year: 2004 end-page: 69 ident: b0190 article-title: Renal tubular cell damage and oxidative stress in renal stone patients and the effect of potassium citrate treatment publication-title: Urol Res – volume: 73 start-page: 1549 year: 1999 end-page: 1556 ident: b0185 article-title: Acidosis potentiates oxidative neuronal death by multiple mechanisms publication-title: J Neurochem – volume: 9 start-page: 24 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0065 article-title: Heinz body formation associated with ketoacidosis in diabetic cats publication-title: J Vet Intern Med doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1995.tb03268.x – year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0150 – volume: 75 start-page: 59 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0170 article-title: The straight line hypothesis elaborated: case reference obesity, an argument for acidosis, oxidative stress, and disease conglomeration? publication-title: Med Hypotheses doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2009.12.034 – volume: 89 start-page: 11126 issue: 23 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0215 article-title: Requirement for coenzyme Q in plasma membrane electron transport publication-title: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.23.11126 – volume: 45 start-page: 173 issue: 3 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0095 article-title: Epigenetic oxidative redox shift (EORS) theory of aging unifies the free radical and insulin signaling theories publication-title: Exp Gerontol doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.11.007 – volume: 44 start-page: 684 issue: 4 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0230 article-title: Green tea polyphenols mitigate deterioration of bone microarchitecture in middle-aged female rats publication-title: Bone doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.11.018 – volume: 48 start-page: 1292 issue: 7 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0015 article-title: Relative fracture risk in patients with diabetes mellitus, and the impact of insulin and oral antidiabetic medication on relative fracture risk publication-title: Diabetologia doi: 10.1007/s00125-005-1786-3 – volume: 119 start-page: 119 issue: 1 year: 1986 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0245 article-title: Effect of pH on bone resorption by rat osteoclasts in vitro publication-title: Endocrinology doi: 10.1210/endo-119-1-119 – volume: 295 start-page: 45 issue: 1,2 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0115 article-title: Role of antioxidant systems, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide in postmenopausal osteoporosis publication-title: Mol Cell Biochem doi: 10.1007/s11010-006-9270-z – volume: 22 start-page: 635 issue: 4 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0195 article-title: Luminal alkalinization attenuates proteinuria-induced oxidative damage in proximal tubular cells publication-title: J Am Soc Nephrol doi: 10.1681/ASN.2009111130 – volume: 502 start-page: 161 issue: Pt 1 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0205 article-title: Mechanism of oxidative stress-induced intracellular acidosis in rat cerebellar astrocytes and C6 glioma cells publication-title: J Physiol doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1997.161bl.x – volume: 296 start-page: H202 issue: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0210 article-title: Investigating feedforward neural regulation of circulation from analysis of spontaneous arterial pressure and heart rate fluctuations in conscious rats publication-title: Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00358.2008 – volume: 273 start-page: R630 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0175 article-title: Effect of oxidative stress and acidosis on diaphragm contractile function publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 73 start-page: 1549 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0185 article-title: Acidosis potentiates oxidative neuronal death by multiple mechanisms publication-title: J Neurochem doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0731549.x – volume: 23 start-page: 732 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0090 article-title: Oxidative markers in diabetic ketoacidosis publication-title: J Endocrinol Invest doi: 10.1007/BF03345062 – year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0140 – volume: 45 start-page: 1601 year: 1966 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0240 article-title: The effect of diet and stool composition on the net external acid balance of normal subjects publication-title: J Clin Invest doi: 10.1172/JCI105466 – volume: 262 start-page: F442 issue: 3 Pt 2 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0130 article-title: Acidosis inhibits osteoblastic and stimulates osteoclastic activity in vitro publication-title: Am J Physiol – volume: 11 start-page: 455 issue: 5 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0030 article-title: Intensive insulin therapy and bone mineral density in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a prospective study publication-title: Osteoporos Int doi: 10.1007/s001980070114 – volume: 46 start-page: 657 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0155 article-title: Iron and free radical oxidations in cell membranes publication-title: Cell Mol Biol (Noisy) – volume: 712 start-page: 102 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0180 article-title: Acute acidosis elevates malonaldehyde in rat brain in vivo publication-title: Brain Res doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)01540-X – volume: 24 start-page: 305 issue: 2 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0135 article-title: Metabolic acidosis increases intracellular calcium in bone cells through activation of the proton receptor OGR1 publication-title: J Bone Miner Res doi: 10.1359/jbmr.081015 – volume: 113 start-page: 502 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0085 article-title: Lactacidosis modulates glutathione metabolism and oxidative glutamate toxicity publication-title: J Neurochem doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06621.x – volume: 50 start-page: 567 issue: 5 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0060 article-title: Oxidative stress, insulin signaling, and diabetes publication-title: Free Radic Biol Med doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.12.006 – volume: 45 start-page: S35 issue: Suppl. 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0120 article-title: Role of oxidative stress in diabetic bone disorder publication-title: Bone doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.02.004 – volume: 5 start-page: S195 issue: Suppl. 1 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0045 article-title: Risk factors for the development of stress fractures during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis publication-title: J Bone Miner Res doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650051330 – volume: 174 start-page: 3 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0070 article-title: The regulation of the intracellular pH in cells from vertebrates publication-title: Eur J Biochem doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14055.x – volume: 69 start-page: 214 issue: 4 year: 2001 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0050 article-title: Bone microarchitecture and bone fragility in men: DXA and histomorphometry in humans and in the orchidectomized rat model publication-title: Calcif Tissue Int doi: 10.1007/s00223-001-1058-2 – volume: 503 start-page: 103 issue: 1 year: 2010 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0105 article-title: Acidosis, hypoxia and bone publication-title: Arch Biochem Biophys doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.07.021 – volume: 8 start-page: 93 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0125 article-title: Physicochemical effects of acidosis on bone calcium flux and surface ion composition publication-title: J Bone Miner Res doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650080112 – volume: 28 start-page: 1175 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0075 article-title: Acidic pH amplifies iron-mediated lipid peroxidation in cells publication-title: Free Radic Biol Med doi: 10.1016/S0891-5849(00)00319-1 – volume: 29 start-page: 1573 year: 2006 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0010 article-title: Prospective study of diabetes and risk of hip fracture: the nurses’ health study publication-title: Diabetes Care doi: 10.2337/dc06-0440 – volume: 26 start-page: 428 issue: 2 year: 2011 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0040 article-title: Low-trauma fractures indicate increased risk of hip fracture in frail older people publication-title: J Bone Miner Res doi: 10.1002/jbmr.216 – volume: 33 start-page: 65 issue: 1 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0190 article-title: Renal tubular cell damage and oxidative stress in renal stone patients and the effect of potassium citrate treatment publication-title: Urol Res doi: 10.1007/s00240-004-0444-4 – volume: 287 start-page: R502 issue: 3 year: 2004 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0225 article-title: Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis publication-title: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00114.2004 – volume: vol. 1 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0145 – volume: 16 start-page: 1330 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0025 article-title: Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis publication-title: Osteoporosis Int doi: 10.1007/s00198-005-1863-y – volume: 38 start-page: 735 issue: 7 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0035 article-title: Factors affecting the risk of hip fractures publication-title: Injury doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2007.01.001 – volume: 360 start-page: 81 issue: 1,2 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0110 article-title: Ovariectomy induces oxidative stress and impairs bone antioxidant system in adult rats publication-title: Clin Chim Acta doi: 10.1016/j.cccn.2005.04.014 – volume: 9 start-page: 65 year: 1989 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0160 article-title: Enhancement of iron-catalyzed free radical formation by acidosis in brain homogenates: differences in effect by lactic acid and CO2 publication-title: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab doi: 10.1038/jcbfm.1989.9 – volume: 10 start-page: 659 issue: 6 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0200 article-title: Oxidative stress and intracellular pH in the young and old erythrocytes of rat publication-title: Biogerontology doi: 10.1007/s10522-009-9212-8 – volume: 99 start-page: 394 issue: 1 year: 2002 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0100 article-title: Oxygen saturation in the bone marrow of healthy volunteers publication-title: Blood doi: 10.1182/blood.V99.1.394 – volume: 23 start-page: 12 issue: 1 year: 2009 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0055 article-title: Prevalence of osteoporosis and factors affecting bone mineral density among postmenopausal Turkish women with type 2 diabetes publication-title: J Diabetes Complications doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2007.06.004 – volume: 40 start-page: 1621 year: 1961 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0235 article-title: Endogenous production of fixed acid and the measurement of net balance of acid in normal subjects publication-title: J Clin Invest doi: 10.1172/JCI104384 – volume: 161 start-page: 567 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0165 article-title: Role of hyperglycaemia-related acidosis in ischaemic brain damage publication-title: Acta Physiol Scand doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.00264.x – volume: 95 start-page: e13 year: 2003 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0080 article-title: Oxidative stress in a novel model of chronic acidosis in LLC-PK1 cells publication-title: Nephron Exp Nephrol doi: 10.1159/000073019 – volume: 18 start-page: 427 issue: 4 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0005 article-title: Discrepancies in bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes – a meta-analysis publication-title: Osteoporos Int doi: 10.1007/s00198-006-0253-4 – volume: 102 start-page: 2379 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0220 article-title: Hypoxia-induced reactive oxygen species formation in skeletal muscle publication-title: J Appl Physiol doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01298.2006 – volume: 42 start-page: 920 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031_b0020 article-title: Diabetes mellitus and the incidence of hip fracture: results from the Nord-Trondelag Health Survey publication-title: Diabetologia doi: 10.1007/s001250051248 |
| SSID | ssj0009438 |
| Score | 2.1040258 |
| Snippet | Subjects with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for having fractures, a risk not necessarily improved by better glucose control. In this... Abstract Subjects with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes are at higher risk for having fractures, a risk not necessarily improved by better glucose control. In... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref elsevier |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 189 |
| SubjectTerms | Acidosis - epidemiology Acidosis - physiopathology Comorbidity Diabetes Complications - epidemiology Diabetes Complications - physiopathology Fractures, Spontaneous - epidemiology Fractures, Spontaneous - physiopathology Humans Internal Medicine Models, Biological Oxidative Stress Prevalence Risk Factors |
| Title | How metabolic acidosis and oxidative stress alone and interacting may increase the risk of fracture in diabetic subjects |
| URI | https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/1-s2.0-S030698771200196X https://www.clinicalkey.es/playcontent/1-s2.0-S030698771200196X https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2012.04.031 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22583559 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1023533547 |
| Volume | 79 |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| link | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnR3LbtQw0KqKhLgg3iyPykjcUNh17MSbY1VRLaD2ApX2Zjn2GIJ2k6rZFe2Fb2fGcRYhaJE4Op7ROJ7xeGzPg7HXYKF28wqyGrzLlKNHQgcys7MgdK1tIWMxmJPTcnGmPiyL5R47GmNhyK0y6f5Bp0dtnb5M02xOz5tm-omsXTwxa5HHJC9LimBXmqT87Y9fbh6VitWsCTgj6BQ4M_h4reHrFbl35THdqRTXbU7XGZ9xEzq-x-4m65EfDgO8z_agfcBun6T38YfsctF952vYIGdXjePWNb7rm57b1vPusvExyzcf4kO4XXUtxC7KGRGjpdovfG2vsE22ZA8crUNOzue8CzwQxPYCsJcPN7ZIod_WdJHTP2Jnx-8-Hy2yVFshc6rMN5kvrS5q7V2glG1C-WBD5YJ1oSrD3AtbVB6En8lcOxW8m4NFSw9CKZVHtubyMdtvcZRPGadav7UQKAoejz8VHreVrJ3UeZiHSkg9YWKcVONS4nGqf7Eyo4fZN0OMMMQIM1MGGTFhb3Y450PajRuh5cgrMwaUogo0uCvciKX_hgV9WsW9EaZHYPOHpE1YscP8TVj_SfHVKEgGVzE9zdgWui1SorRDUhYKZ-vJIGG7_0aNi2ZyUT37T6rP2R1qDV6LL9j-5mILL9GS2tQHcakcsFuH7z8uTn8C19wflQ |
| linkProvider | Elsevier |
| linkToHtml | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3db9MwED-NTgJeEN-UTyPxhqLWsZM0j9PElLG1L2xS3yzHHxDUJtPSiu2_5y5xihBsSDwmvpMT3_l8tu9-B_DBaVeaWe6i0lkTSUOXhMaJSE89z8pMJ6IrBjNfpMW5_LxMlntwOOTCUFhlsP29Te-sdXgzCaM5uaiqyRfydnHHnPG4A3lZ3oF9QqdKRrB_cHxSLH5h78quoDXRR8QQcmf6MK-1-3ZNEV5xh3gq-E3r003-Z7cOHT2EB8GBZAf9Nz6CPVc_hrvzcEX-BK6K5gdbuw0Kd1UZpk1lm7Zqma4ta64q2wF9sz5FhOlVU7uuiWAjuoSp-itb62t8JneydQwdREbx56zxzBPF9tJhK-sPbbGHdlvSWU77FM6PPp0dFlEorxAZmcabyKY6S8rMGk-obVxar31uvDY-T_3Mcp3k1nE7FXFmpLdm5jQ6e86nQlqUbCyewajGr3wBjMr9lpyjNljcAeW445aiNCKL_cznXGRj4MOgKhOwx6kExkoNQWbfFQlCkSDUVCoUxBg-7ngueuSNW6nFICs15JSiFVS4MNzKlf2Ny7VhIreKqxaJ1R_KNoZkx_mbvv6zx_eDIimcyHQ7o2vXbLEnQh4SAjV4DM97Ddv9Nxpd9JST_OV_9voO7hVn81N1erw4eQX3qaUPYnwNo83l1r1Bx2pTvg0T5yedFyJG |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+metabolic+acidosis+and+oxidative+stress+alone+and+interacting+may+increase+the+risk+of+fracture+in+diabetic+subjects&rft.jtitle=Medical+hypotheses&rft.au=Frassetto%2C+L.A.&rft.au=Sebastian%2C+A.&rft.date=2012-08-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=0306-9877&rft.volume=79&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=189&rft.epage=192&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.mehy.2012.04.031&rft.externalDocID=S030698771200196X |
| thumbnail_m | http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/custom?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.clinicalkey.com%2Fck-thumbnails%2F03069877%2FS0306987712X00070%2Fcov150h.gif |