The Dual Role of Surfactant Protein-D in Vascular Inflammation and Development of Cardiovascular Disease

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology Vol. 10; p. 2264
• Main Authors: Colmorten, Kimmie B, Nexoe, Anders Bathum, Sorensen, Grith L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 20.09.2019
• Subjects: atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; collectins; Immunology; inflammation; SP-D; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular disease; collectins; SP-D; inflammation
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02264

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is responsible for 31% of all global deaths. Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease and is a chronic inflammatory disorder in the arteries. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol, extracellular matrix, and immune cells in the vascular wall. Recently, the collectin surfactant protein-D (SP-D), an important regulator of the pulmonary immune response, was found to be expressed in the vasculature. Several studies have examined the role of SP-D in the vascular inflammation leading to atherosclerosis. These studies show that SP-D plays a dual role in the development of atherosclerosis. In general, SP-D shows anti-inflammatory properties, and dampens local inflammation in the vessel, as well as systemic inflammation. However, SP-D can also exert a pro-inflammatory role, as it stimulates C-C chemokine receptor 2 inflammatory blood monocytes to secrete tumor necrosis-factor α and increases secretion of interferon-γ from natural killer cells. studies examining the role of SP-D in the development of atherosclerosis agree that SP-D plays a proatherogenic role, with SP-D knockout mice having smaller atherosclerotic plaque areas, which might be caused by a decreased systemic inflammation. Clinical studies examining the association between SP-D and cardiovascular disease have reported a positive association between circulatory SP-D level, carotid intima-media thickness, and coronary artery calcification. Other studies have found that circulatory SP-D is correlated with increased risk of both total and cardiovascular disease mortality. Both , and examining the relationship between SP-D and CVDs will be discussed in this review.