Physical Exercise in Resistant Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Physical exercise reduces blood pressure (BP) in patients with hypertension in general but more evidence is needed specifically for a high-risk phenotype associated with intensive medication, resistant hypertension (RH). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to summarize current evid...
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Published in | Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine Vol. 9; p. 893811 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
19.05.2022
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Physical exercise reduces blood pressure (BP) in patients with hypertension in general but more evidence is needed specifically for a high-risk phenotype associated with intensive medication, resistant hypertension (RH). In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to summarize current evidence of the exercise effects on BP in patients with RH. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library (from inception to 3rd November, 2021). A random effects meta-analysis was performed when at least two trials assessed the effect of either acute or regular exercise (vs. a control condition) on the same outcome. Ten studies (
= 380 participants; 51% female; mean age 52 to 67 years) were included in the review, of which four (
= 58) and six (
= 322) assessed the effects of acute and regular exercise, respectively. Evidence overall suggests that a single bout of acute exercise results in a short-term (≤ 24 h) reduction of BP, although no meta-analysis could be performed. As for regular exercise, three randomized controlled trials (
= 144, 50% female) could be meta-analyzed, which showed that exercise training intervention (8-12 weeks, 3 sessions/week) significantly reduces 24-h (-9.9 mmHg, 95% confidence interval -15.4-4.4 for systolic BP; and -5 mmHg, -7.0-3.0 for diastolic BP) and daytime ambulatory BP (-11.7 mmHg, -17.8-5.7; and -7.4 mmHg, -11.9-2.9). In summary, physical exercise appears as an effective option to reduce BP in patients with RH, although more research is needed to confirm these findings as well as to determine the most effective exercise characteristics. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1 Edited by: Fabrizio Ricci, University of Studies G. d'Annunzio Chieti and Pescara, Italy Reviewed by: Stefano Palermi, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Anna Vittoria Mattioli, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy These authors share first authorship This article was submitted to Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine |
ISSN: | 2297-055X 2297-055X |
DOI: | 10.3389/fcvm.2022.893811 |