Vascular stiffness in insulin resistance and obesity

Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are associated with a substantially increased prevalence of vascular fibrosis and stiffness, with attendant increased risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Although the underlying mechanisms and mediators of vascular stiffness are not wel...

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Published inFrontiers in physiology Vol. 6; p. 231
Main Authors Jia, Guanghong, Aroor, Annayya R, DeMarco, Vincent G, Martinez-Lemus, Luis A, Meininger, Gerald A, Sowers, James R
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 14.08.2015
Subjects
Cardiovascular Diseases
Inflammation
Insulin Resistance
Obesity
Physiology
Vascular Stiffness
vascular resistance
cardiovascular disease
insulin resistance
obesity
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Summary:Obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes are associated with a substantially increased prevalence of vascular fibrosis and stiffness, with attendant increased risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Although the underlying mechanisms and mediators of vascular stiffness are not well understood, accumulating evidence supports the role of metabolic and immune dysregulation related to increased adiposity, activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, reduced bioavailable nitric oxide, increased vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM remodeling in the pathogenesis of vascular stiffness. This review will give a brief overview of the relationship between obesity, insulin resistance and increased vascular stiffness to provide a contemporary understanding of the proposed underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Reviewed by: Joseph L. Unthank, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA; Roy Sutliff, Emory University, USA
Edited by: John D. Imig, Medical College of Wisconsin, USA
This article was submitted to Vascular Physiology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Physiology
ISSN:1664-042X
1664-042X
DOI:10.3389/fphys.2015.00231