Using a Systems Approach to Explore the Mechanisms of Interaction Between Severe Covid-19 and Its Coronary Heart Disease Complications
requested research on how a systems approach can explore the mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in Covid-19. The focus of this paper will thus be on these detailed mechanisms. It will elucidate the integrated pathogenic pathways based on an extensive review of literature. Many severe Covid-1...
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Published in | Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine Vol. 9; p. 737592 |
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Main Authors | , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
16.02.2022
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | requested research on how a systems approach can explore the mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in Covid-19. The focus of this paper will thus be on these detailed mechanisms. It will elucidate the integrated pathogenic pathways based on an extensive review of literature. Many severe Covid-19 cases and deaths occur in patients with chronic cardiovascular comorbidities. To help understand all the mechanisms of this interaction, Covid-19 complications were integrated into a pre-existing systems-based coronary heart disease (CHD) model. Such a complete model could not be found in literature. A fully integrative view could be valuable in identifying new
, help understand how
influence Covid-19 severity and give a fully integrated explanation for the Covid-19
phenomenon seen in some patients. Covid-19 data showed that CHD hallmarks namely,
and
have an important effect on disease severity. The pathogenic pathways that Covid-19 activate in CHD were integrated into the CHD model. This fully integrated model presents a visual explanation of the mechanism of interaction between CHD and Covid-19 complications. This includes a detailed integrated explanation of the death spiral as a result of interactions between
, endothelial cell injury,
and hypoxia. Additionally, the model presents the aggravation of this
through the other CHD hallmarks namely,
, and/or
. The resulting model further suggests systematically how the pathogenesis of nine
(stress, exercise, smoking, etc.) and seven
(statins, salicylates, thrombin inhibitors, etc.) may either aggravate or suppress Covid-19 severity. A strong association between CHD and Covid-19 for all the investigated
and
, except for β-blockers, was found. It is further discussed how the proposed model can be extended in future to do computational analysis to help assess the risk of Covid-19 in cardiovascular disease. With insight gained from this study, recommendations are made for future research in potential new pharmacotherapeutics. These recommendations could also be beneficial for cardiovascular disease, which killed five times more people in the past year than Covid-19. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Eric Sijbrands, Erasmus Medical Center, Netherlands; Vladimir Uspenskiy, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Russia This article was submitted to Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention, a section of the journal Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine Edited by: Eric Sijbrands, Erasmus Medical Center, Netherlands |
ISSN: | 2297-055X 2297-055X |
DOI: | 10.3389/fcvm.2022.737592 |