Optimizing Outcomes in Immunocompromised Hosts: Understanding the Role of Immunotherapy in Invasive Fungal Diseases

A major global concern is the emergence and spread of systemic life-threatening fungal infections in critically ill patients. The increase in invasive fungal infections, caused most commonly by Candida and Aspergillus species, occurs in patients with impaired defenses due to a number of reasons such...

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Published inFrontiers in microbiology Vol. 6; p. 1322
Main Authors Ravikumar, Sharada, Win, Mar Soe, Chai, Louis Yi Ann
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 26.11.2015
Subjects
Cytokines
immune enhancement therapy
Immune Regulation
Immunocompromised Host
Invasive fungal disease
Microbiology
immune enhancement
cytokines
immunocompromised
invasive fungal infections
immune regulation
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Summary:A major global concern is the emergence and spread of systemic life-threatening fungal infections in critically ill patients. The increase in invasive fungal infections, caused most commonly by Candida and Aspergillus species, occurs in patients with impaired defenses due to a number of reasons such as underlying disease, the use of chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agents, broad-spectrum antibiotics, prosthetic devices and grafts, burns, neutropenia and HIV infection. The high morbidity and mortality associated with these infections is compounded by the limited therapeutic options and the emergence of drug resistant fungi. Hence, creative approaches to bridge the significant gap in antifungal drug development needs to be explored. Here, we review the potential anti-fungal targets for patient-centered therapies and immune-enhancing strategies for the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal diseases.
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This article was submitted to Antimicrobials, Resistance and Chemotherapy, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology.
Reviewed by: Dmitri Debabov, NovaBay Pharmaceuticals, USA; Vishvanath Tiwari, Central University of Rajasthan, India
Edited by: Edvaldo A. R. Rosa, The Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Brazil
ISSN:1664-302X
1664-302X
DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01322