Intraspecific and interspecific variation in thermotolerance and photoacclimation in Symbiodinium dinoflagellates

• Published in: Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences Vol. 284; no. 1868; p. 20171767
• Main Authors: Díaz-Almeyda, Erika M., Prada, C., Ohdera, A. H., Moran, H., Civitello, D. J., Iglesias-Prieto, R., Carlo, T. A., LaJeunesse, T. C., Medina, M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England The Royal Society 06.12.2017; The Royal Society Publishing
• Edition: Royal Society (Great Britain)
• Subjects: Acclimatization; Biogeography; Corals; Dinoflagellates; Dinoflagellida - physiology; Ecology; High temperature; Hot Temperature; Interspecific; Intraspecific Variation; Irradiance; Light; Light levels; Luminous intensity; Microorganisms; Photoacclimation; Photochemicals; Physiological effects; Physiology; Pyrrophycophyta; Species; Strain; Stress (physiology); Stress, Physiological; Symbiodinium; Temperature effects; Temperature tolerance; Thermal stress; Thermotolerance; Variation; photoacclimation; thermotolerance; Fv/Fm; Symbiodinium; intraspecific variation
• ISSN: 0962-8452; 1471-2954; 1471-2954
• DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1767

Light and temperature are major drivers in the ecology and biogeography of symbiotic dinoflagellates living in corals and other cnidarians. We examined variations in physiology among 11 strains comprising five species of clade A Symbiodinium. We grew cultures at 26°C (control) and 32°C (high temperature) over a duration of 18 days while measuring growth and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm). Responses to thermal stress ranged from susceptible to tolerant across species and strains. Most strains exhibited a decrease in cell densities and Fv/Fm when grown at 32°C. Tolerance to high temperature (T32) was calculated for all strains, ranging from 0 (unable to survive at high temperature) to 1 (able survive at high temperature). There was substantial variation in thermotolerance across species and among strains. One strain had a T32 close to 1, indicating that growth was not reduced at 32°C for only this one strain. To evaluate the combined effect of temperature and light on physiological stress, we selected three strains with different levels of thermotolerance (tolerant, intermediate and susceptible) and grew them under five different light intensities (65, 80, 100, 240 and 443 µmol quanta m−2 s−1) at 26 and 32°C. High irradiance exacerbated the effect of high temperature, particularly in strains from thermally sensitive species. This work further supports the recognition that broad physiological differences exist not only among species within Symbiodinium clades, but also among strains within species demonstrating that thermotolerance varies widely between species and among strains within species.