Dynamics of Gut Microbiome in Giant Panda Cubs Reveal Transitional Microbes and Pathways in Early Life

• Published in: Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 9; p. 3138
• Main Authors: Guo, Min, Chen, Jianwei, Li, Qiongfang, Fu, Ying, Fan, Guangyi, Ma, Jinmin, Peng, Ling, Zeng, Liyun, Chen, Jing, Wang, Yayu, Lee, Simon Ming-Yuen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 18.12.2018
• Subjects: co-abundance genes; giant panda cubs; gut microbial gene functions and pathways; gut microbiota; important microbes; Microbiology; important microbes; gut microbial gene functions and pathways; giant panda cubs; co-abundance genes; gut microbiota
• ISSN: 1664-302X; 1664-302X
• DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03138

Adult giant pandas ( ) express transitional characteristics in that they consume bamboos, despite their carnivore-like digestive tracts. Their genome contains no cellulolytic enzymes; therefore, understanding the development of the giant panda gut microbiome, especially in early life, is important for decoding the rules underlying gut microbial formation, inheritance and dietary transitions. With deep metagenomic sequencing, we investigated the gut microbiomes of two newborn giant panda brothers and their parents living in Macao, China, from 2016 to 2017. Both giant panda cubs exhibited progressive increases in gut microbial richness during growth, particularly from the 6th month after birth. Enterobacteriaceae dominated the gut microbial compositions in both adult giant pandas and cubs. A total of 583 co-abundance genes (CAGs) and about 79 metagenomic species (MGS) from bacteria or viruses displayed significant changes with age. Seven genera ( , and ) showed great importance with respect to gut microbial structural determination in the nursing stage of giant panda cubs. Furthermore, 10 orthologous gene functions and 44 pathways showed significant changes with age. Of the significant pathways, 16 from , and displayed marked differences between parents and their cubs at birth, while 29 pathways from and exhibited significant increase in cubs from 6 to 9 months of age. In addition, oxidoreductases, transferases, and hydrolases dominated the significantly changed gut microbial enzymes during the growth of giant panda cubs, while few of them were involved in cellulose degradation. The findings indicated diet-stimulated gut microbiome transitions and the important role of Enterobacteriaceae in the guts of giant panda in early life.