Large Area High-Resolution 3D Mapping of the Von Kármán Crater: Landing Site for the Chang’E-4 Lander and Yutu-2 Rover

• Published in: Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 15; no. 10; p. 2643
• Main Authors: Tao, Yu, Muller, Jan-Peter, Conway, Susan J, Siting Xiong, Walter, Sebastian H. G, Bin Liu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.05.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: 3D mapping; Accuracy; Archives & records; Artificial intelligence; Cameras; Deep learning; Digital imaging; digital terrain model; Earth Sciences; High resolution; Laboratories; Landing sites; Laser altimeters; Lasers; Lunar craters; lunar landing site; Lunar Orbiter; Lunar spacecraft; Machine learning; Measurement; Moon; Photogrammetry; Photography; Planetology; Remote sensing; Sciences of the Universe; Storage facilities; Terrain models; Three dimensional models; topography; United Kingdom; United States > US; deep learning; lunar landing site; NAC; digital terrain model; MADNet; Moon; topography; LRO; Chang'E-4; Chang'E-2; 3D mapping
• ISSN: 2072-4292; 2072-4292
• DOI: 10.3390/rs15102643

We demonstrate the creation of a large area of high-resolution (260 × 209 km2 at 1 m/pixel) DTM mosaic from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images over the Chang’E-4 landing site at Von Kármán crater using an in-house deep learning-based 3D modelling system developed at University College London, called MADNet, trained with lunar orthorectified images and digital terrain models (DTMs). The resultant 1 m DTM mosaic is co-aligned with the Chang’E-2 (CE-2) and the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA)—SELenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE) blended DTM product (SLDEM), providing high spatial and vertical congruence. In this paper, technical details are briefly discussed, along with visual and quantitative assessments of the resultant DTM mosaic product. The LROC NAC MADNet DTM mosaic was compared with three independent DTM datasets, and the mean differences and standard deviations are as follows: PDS photogrammetric DTM at 5 m grid-spacing had a mean difference of −0.019 ± 1.09 m, CE-2 DTM at 20 m had a mean difference of −0.048 ± 1.791 m, and SLDEM at 69 m had a mean difference of 0.577 ± 94.940 m. The resultant LROC NAC MADNet DTM mosaic, alongside a blended LROC NAC and CE-2 MADNet DTM mosaic and a separate LROC NAC, orthorectified image mosaic, are made publicly available via the ESA planetary science archive’s guest storage facility.