Infectious Tolerance as Seen With 2020 Vision: The Role of IL-35 and Extracellular Vesicles

Originally identified as lymphocyte regulation of fellow lymphocytes, our understanding of infectious tolerance has undergone significant evolutions in understanding since being proposed in the early 1970s by Gershon and Kondo and expanded upon by Herman Waldman two decades later. The evolution of o...

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Published inFrontiers in immunology Vol. 11; p. 1867
Main Authors Sullivan, Jeremy A, AlAdra, David P, Olson, Brian M, McNeel, Douglas G, Burlingham, William J
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 26.08.2020
Subjects
Allergy and Immunology - history
Animals
exosomes
extracellular vesicle
Extracellular Vesicles - immunology
History, 20th Century
History, 21st Century
Humans
IL-35
Immune Tolerance - immunology
Immunology
immunotherapy
infectious tolerance
Interleukins - immunology
infectious tolerance
IL-35
extracellular vesicle
exosomes
immunotherapy
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Summary:Originally identified as lymphocyte regulation of fellow lymphocytes, our understanding of infectious tolerance has undergone significant evolutions in understanding since being proposed in the early 1970s by Gershon and Kondo and expanded upon by Herman Waldman two decades later. The evolution of our understanding of infectious tolerance has coincided with significant cellular and humoral discoveries. The early studies leading to the isolation and identification of Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and cytokines including TGFβ and IL-10 in the control of peripheral tolerance was a paradigm shift in our understanding of infectious tolerance. More recently, another potential, paradigm shift in our understanding of the "infectious" aspect of infectious tolerance was proposed, identifying extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a mechanism for propagating infectious tolerance. In this review, we will outline the history of infectious tolerance, focusing on a potential EV mechanism for infectious tolerance and a novel, EV-associated form for the cytokine IL-35, ideally suited to the task of propagating tolerance by "infecting" other lymphocytes.
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Reviewed by: Herman Waldmann, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Christian LeGuern, Harvard Medical School, United States; Bruce Milne Hall, University of New South Wales, Australia
Edited by: Gilles Benichou, Harvard Medical School, United States
This article was submitted to Alloimmunity and Transplantation, a section of the journal Frontiers in Immunology
ISSN:1664-3224
1664-3224
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01867