First Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy Images and X-Ray Microanalyses of Mucoromycotinian Fine Root Endophytes in Vascular Plants
Arbuscule-producing fine root endophytes (FRE) (previously incorrectly ) were recently placed within subphylum Mucoromycotina; the first report of arbuscules outside subphylum Glomeromycotina. Here, we aimed to estimate nutrient concentrations in plant and fungal structures of FRE and to test the ut...
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| Published in | Frontiers in microbiology Vol. 11; p. 2018 |
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| Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
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03.09.2020
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| Abstract | Arbuscule-producing fine root endophytes (FRE) (previously incorrectly
) were recently placed within subphylum Mucoromycotina; the first report of arbuscules outside subphylum Glomeromycotina. Here, we aimed to estimate nutrient concentrations in plant and fungal structures of FRE and to test the utility of cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) for studying these fungi.
We used replicated cryoSEM and X-ray microanalysis of heavily colonized roots of
.
Intercellular hyphae and hyphae in developed arbuscules were consistently very thin; 1.35 ± 0.03 μm and 0.99 ± 0.03 μm in diameter, respectively (mean ± SE). Several intercellular hyphae were often adjacent to each other forming "hyphal ropes." Developed arbuscules showed higher phosphorus concentrations than senesced arbuscules and non-colonized structures. Senesced arbuscules showed greatly elevated concentrations of calcium and magnesium.
While uniformly thin hyphae and hyphal ropes are distinct features of FRE, the morphology of fully developed arbuscules, elevated phosphorus in fungal structures, and accumulation of calcium with loss of structural integrity in senesced arbuscules are similar to glomeromycotinian fungi. Thus, we provide evidence that FRE may respond to similar host-plant signals or that the host plant may employ a similar mechanism of association with FRE and AMF. |
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| AbstractList | Arbuscule-producing fine root endophytes (FRE) (previously incorrectly Glomus tenue) were recently placed within subphylum Mucoromycotina; the first report of arbuscules outside subphylum Glomeromycotina. Here, we aimed to estimate nutrient concentrations in plant and fungal structures of FRE and to test the utility of cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) for studying these fungi.AIMSArbuscule-producing fine root endophytes (FRE) (previously incorrectly Glomus tenue) were recently placed within subphylum Mucoromycotina; the first report of arbuscules outside subphylum Glomeromycotina. Here, we aimed to estimate nutrient concentrations in plant and fungal structures of FRE and to test the utility of cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) for studying these fungi.We used replicated cryoSEM and X-ray microanalysis of heavily colonized roots of Trifolium subterraneum.METHODSWe used replicated cryoSEM and X-ray microanalysis of heavily colonized roots of Trifolium subterraneum.Intercellular hyphae and hyphae in developed arbuscules were consistently very thin; 1.35 ± 0.03 μm and 0.99 ± 0.03 μm in diameter, respectively (mean ± SE). Several intercellular hyphae were often adjacent to each other forming "hyphal ropes." Developed arbuscules showed higher phosphorus concentrations than senesced arbuscules and non-colonized structures. Senesced arbuscules showed greatly elevated concentrations of calcium and magnesium.RESULTSIntercellular hyphae and hyphae in developed arbuscules were consistently very thin; 1.35 ± 0.03 μm and 0.99 ± 0.03 μm in diameter, respectively (mean ± SE). Several intercellular hyphae were often adjacent to each other forming "hyphal ropes." Developed arbuscules showed higher phosphorus concentrations than senesced arbuscules and non-colonized structures. Senesced arbuscules showed greatly elevated concentrations of calcium and magnesium.While uniformly thin hyphae and hyphal ropes are distinct features of FRE, the morphology of fully developed arbuscules, elevated phosphorus in fungal structures, and accumulation of calcium with loss of structural integrity in senesced arbuscules are similar to glomeromycotinian fungi. Thus, we provide evidence that FRE may respond to similar host-plant signals or that the host plant may employ a similar mechanism of association with FRE and AMF.CONCLUSIONWhile uniformly thin hyphae and hyphal ropes are distinct features of FRE, the morphology of fully developed arbuscules, elevated phosphorus in fungal structures, and accumulation of calcium with loss of structural integrity in senesced arbuscules are similar to glomeromycotinian fungi. Thus, we provide evidence that FRE may respond to similar host-plant signals or that the host plant may employ a similar mechanism of association with FRE and AMF. Arbuscule-producing fine root endophytes (FRE) (previously incorrectly ) were recently placed within subphylum Mucoromycotina; the first report of arbuscules outside subphylum Glomeromycotina. Here, we aimed to estimate nutrient concentrations in plant and fungal structures of FRE and to test the utility of cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) for studying these fungi. We used replicated cryoSEM and X-ray microanalysis of heavily colonized roots of . Intercellular hyphae and hyphae in developed arbuscules were consistently very thin; 1.35 ± 0.03 μm and 0.99 ± 0.03 μm in diameter, respectively (mean ± SE). Several intercellular hyphae were often adjacent to each other forming "hyphal ropes." Developed arbuscules showed higher phosphorus concentrations than senesced arbuscules and non-colonized structures. Senesced arbuscules showed greatly elevated concentrations of calcium and magnesium. While uniformly thin hyphae and hyphal ropes are distinct features of FRE, the morphology of fully developed arbuscules, elevated phosphorus in fungal structures, and accumulation of calcium with loss of structural integrity in senesced arbuscules are similar to glomeromycotinian fungi. Thus, we provide evidence that FRE may respond to similar host-plant signals or that the host plant may employ a similar mechanism of association with FRE and AMF. AimsArbuscule-producing fine root endophytes (FRE) (previously incorrectly Glomus tenue) were recently placed within subphylum Mucoromycotina; the first report of arbuscules outside subphylum Glomeromycotina. Here, we aimed to estimate nutrient concentrations in plant and fungal structures of FRE and to test the utility of cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) for studying these fungi.MethodsWe used replicated cryoSEM and X-ray microanalysis of heavily colonized roots of Trifolium subterraneum.ResultsIntercellular hyphae and hyphae in developed arbuscules were consistently very thin; 1.35 ± 0.03 μm and 0.99 ± 0.03 μm in diameter, respectively (mean ± SE). Several intercellular hyphae were often adjacent to each other forming “hyphal ropes.” Developed arbuscules showed higher phosphorus concentrations than senesced arbuscules and non-colonized structures. Senesced arbuscules showed greatly elevated concentrations of calcium and magnesium.ConclusionWhile uniformly thin hyphae and hyphal ropes are distinct features of FRE, the morphology of fully developed arbuscules, elevated phosphorus in fungal structures, and accumulation of calcium with loss of structural integrity in senesced arbuscules are similar to glomeromycotinian fungi. Thus, we provide evidence that FRE may respond to similar host-plant signals or that the host plant may employ a similar mechanism of association with FRE and AMF. |
| Author | Bending, Gary D. Hayes, Patrick E. Orchard, Suzanne Ryan, Megan H. Clode, Peta L. Albornoz, Felipe E. Hilton, Sally Nazeri, Nazanin K. Standish, Rachel J. |
| AuthorAffiliation | 1 School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA , Australia 3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA , Australia 4 Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University , Murdoch, WA , Australia 2 Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA , Australia 5 School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick , Coventry , United Kingdom |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: 3 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA , Australia – name: 1 School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA , Australia – name: 4 Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University , Murdoch, WA , Australia – name: 5 School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick , Coventry , United Kingdom – name: 2 Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia , Perth, WA , Australia |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Felipe E. surname: Albornoz fullname: Albornoz, Felipe E. – sequence: 2 givenname: Patrick E. surname: Hayes fullname: Hayes, Patrick E. – sequence: 3 givenname: Suzanne surname: Orchard fullname: Orchard, Suzanne – sequence: 4 givenname: Peta L. surname: Clode fullname: Clode, Peta L. – sequence: 5 givenname: Nazanin K. surname: Nazeri fullname: Nazeri, Nazanin K. – sequence: 6 givenname: Rachel J. surname: Standish fullname: Standish, Rachel J. – sequence: 7 givenname: Gary D. surname: Bending fullname: Bending, Gary D. – sequence: 8 givenname: Sally surname: Hilton fullname: Hilton, Sally – sequence: 9 givenname: Megan H. surname: Ryan fullname: Ryan, Megan H. |
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| Copyright | Copyright © 2020 Albornoz, Hayes, Orchard, Clode, Nazeri, Standish, Bending, Hilton and Ryan. Copyright © 2020 Albornoz, Hayes, Orchard, Clode, Nazeri, Standish, Bending, Hilton and Ryan. 2020 Albornoz, Hayes, Orchard, Clode, Nazeri, Standish, Bending, Hilton and Ryan |
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| Keywords | cryoSEM Glomus tenue Mucoromycotina arbuscules Planticonsortium |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2020 Albornoz, Hayes, Orchard, Clode, Nazeri, Standish, Bending, Hilton and Ryan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
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| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Sabine Dagmar Zimmermann, Délégation Languedoc Roussillon (CNRS), France; Bettina Hause, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie (IPB), Germany; Catarina Cardoso, Technical University of Munich, Germany Edited by: Pierre-Emmanuel Courty, INRA Centre Dijon Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France This article was submitted to Microbe and Virus Interactions with Plants, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Snippet | Arbuscule-producing fine root endophytes (FRE) (previously incorrectly
) were recently placed within subphylum Mucoromycotina; the first report of arbuscules... Arbuscule-producing fine root endophytes (FRE) (previously incorrectly Glomus tenue) were recently placed within subphylum Mucoromycotina; the first report of... AimsArbuscule-producing fine root endophytes (FRE) (previously incorrectly Glomus tenue) were recently placed within subphylum Mucoromycotina; the first report... |
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| Title | First Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy Images and X-Ray Microanalyses of Mucoromycotinian Fine Root Endophytes in Vascular Plants |
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