Dammarane Sapogenins Ameliorates Neurocognitive Functional Impairment Induced by Simulated Long-Duration Spaceflight

Increasing evidence indicates the occurrence of cognitive impairment in astronauts under spaceflight compound conditions, but the underlying mechanisms and countermeasures need to be explored. In this study, we found that learning and memory abilities were significantly reduced in rats under a simul...

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Published inFrontiers in pharmacology Vol. 8; p. 315
Main Authors Wu, Xiaorui, Li, Dong, Liu, Junlian, Diao, Lihong, Ling, Shukuan, Li, Yuheng, Gao, Jianyi, Fan, Quanchun, Sun, Weijia, Li, Qi, Zhao, Dingsheng, Zhong, Guohui, Cao, Dengchao, Liu, Min, Wang, Jiaping, Zhao, Shuang, Liu, Yu, Bai, Guie, Shi, Hongzhi, Xu, Zi, Wang, Jing, Xue, Chunmei, Jin, Xiaoyan, Yuan, Xinxin, Li, Hongxing, Liu, Caizhi, Sun, Huiyuan, Li, Jianwei, Li, Yongzhi, Li, Yingxian
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 29.05.2017
Subjects
cognitive
dammarane sapogenins
MAPK
neurotransmitter
Pharmacology
rat models
space flight
cognitive
BDNF
rat models
MAPK
dammarane sapogenins
neurotransmitter
PI3K/AKT
space flight
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Summary:Increasing evidence indicates the occurrence of cognitive impairment in astronauts under spaceflight compound conditions, but the underlying mechanisms and countermeasures need to be explored. In this study, we found that learning and memory abilities were significantly reduced in rats under a simulated long-duration spaceflight environment (SLSE), which includes microgravity, isolation confinement, noises, and altered circadian rhythms. Dammarane sapogenins (DS), alkaline hydrolyzed products of ginsenosides, can enhance cognition function by regulating brain neurotransmitter levels and inhibiting SLSE-induced neuronal injury. Bioinformatics combined with experimental verification identified that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway was inhibited and the MAPK pathway was activated during SLSE-induced cognition dysfunction, whereas DS substantially ameliorated the changes in brain. These findings defined the characteristics of SLSE-induced cognitive decline and the mechanisms by which DS improves it. The results provide an effective candidate for improving cognitive function in spaceflight missions.
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This article was submitted to Ethnopharmacology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology
Edited by: Wei-Dong Zhang, Second Military Medical University, China
These authors have contributed equally to this work.
Reviewed by: Xuemei Zhang, Fudan University, China; Ai-Jun Liu, Second Military Medical University, China
ISSN:1663-9812
1663-9812
DOI:10.3389/fphar.2017.00315