Impact of gut microbiota on kidney transplantation

• Published in: Transplantation reviews (Philadelphia, Pa.) Vol. 36; no. 1; p. 100668
• Main Authors: Winichakoon, Poramed, Chaiwarith, Romanee, Chattipakorn, Nipon, Chattipakorn, Siriporn C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.01.2022
• Subjects: Dysbiosis - etiology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gut dysbiosis; Humans; Immunosuppression; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation - adverse effects; Surgery; Transplant Recipients; Transplantation; DM; GVHD; UTI; Cr; OTU; Th; LBP; HSCT; MP; AE; MQ; Tx; MMF; AZA; IS; SCFA; Immunosuppression; NA; EVE; PCG; PICRUSt; ROS; NK; TLR4; PCR; CNI; ESRD; TMAO; PCS; F; H; PPI; Transplantation; M; Kidney; ABO; LPS; KTR(s); GBT; KTD(s); iFABP; CKD; PLTP; NODAT; rRNA; NF-kb; Treg; KT; FMT; ECM; ATG; PAG; TAC; 3HM; SOT; UPLC-MS/MS; Gut dysbiosis; HF; DC; proton pump inhibitor; phenylacetylglutamine; helper T-cell; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; phospholipid transfer protein; azathioprine; kidney transplant recipient(s); lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; antibiotics; dendritic cell; male; p-cresyl glucuronide; chronic kidney disease; calcineurin inhibitor; intestinal fatty-acid binding protein; creatinine; regulatory T-cell; natural killer cell; ribosomal ribonucleic acid; lipopolysaccharides; phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states; new-onset diabetes after transplantation; short-chain fatty acids; extracellular matrix; graft-versus-host-disease; p-cresyl sulfate; 3-hydroxymyristate; indoxyl sulphate; solid organ transplantation; female; high fiber; myofibroblasts; antithymocyte globulin; nuclear factor kappa beta; adverse event; fecal microbiota transplantation; toll-like receptor 4; ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry; kidney transplantation; diabetes mellitus; trimethylamine-N-oxide; end stage renal disease; everolimus; macrophages; reactive oxygen species; not available; polymerase chain reaction; mycofenolate mofetil; operational taxonomic unit; tacrolimus; gut bacterial translocation; high dose; kidney transplant donor(s); urinary tract infection
• ISSN: 0955-470X; 1557-9816; 1557-9816
• DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2021.100668

Kidney transplantation is recognized as one of the most effective treatments for patients who suffer from end-stage renal disease. The major potential outcomes following kidney transplantation include engraftment, rejection, and associated complications. The outcomes are dependent on a variety of factors in those who underwent renal grafts or kidney transplant recipients. Those factors include the administration of immunosuppressive drugs and prophylactic antimicrobial agents to recipients. Recent studies have shown that gut microbiota play an important role in the outcome of subjects with kidney transplantation. An imbalance of the components/diversity of gut microbiota, known as gut dysbiosis, has been shown to have a big impact on the immune system of the host and the modification of host inflammatory cytokines. Although gut dysbiosis is affected by variation in diet and medication, a substantial amount of evidence showing a link between alteration in human gut microbiota and outcomes of kidney transplantation has recently been reported. Therefore, the objective of this review is to comprehensively summarize and discuss the major findings from in vivo and clinical data pertaining to the impact of gut microbiota on kidney transplantation. Any controversial findings are compiled to enable a clear overview of the role of gut microbiota and the outcome of kidney transplantation. •The imbalance between gut microbiota and gut pathogens resulting in dysbiosis occurs in ESRD.•Gut dysbiosis is responsible for the further deterioration of the renal function.•Gut microbiota plays a role in the outcome of renal transplantation.•This modification of gut microbiota may influence renal graft outcomes.•Biotics and diet modification could be the possible solutions on gut dysbiosis.