Molecular resolution imaging of macromolecular crystals by atomic force microscopy

• Published in: Biophysical journal Vol. 72; no. 5; pp. 2357 - 2364
• Main Authors: Kuznetsov YuG, Malkin, A.J., Land, T.A., DeYoreo, J.J., Barba, A.P., Konnert, J., McPherson, A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.1997
• Subjects: Computer Simulation; Crystallization; Fungal Proteins - chemistry; Lipase - chemistry; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Molecular Structure; Muramidase - chemistry; Plant Proteins - chemistry; Sweetening Agents; Tobacco Mosaic Virus - chemistry; Viral Proteins - chemistry; X-Ray Diffraction
• ISSN: 0006-3495; 1542-0086
• DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78880-5

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images at the molecular level have been obtained for a number of different protein and virus crystals. They can be utilized in some special cases to obtain information useful to crystal structure analyses by x-ray diffraction. In particular, questions of space group enantiomer, the packing of molecules within a unit cell, the number of molecules per asymmetric unit, and the dispositions of multiple molecules within the asymmetric unit may be resolved. In addition, because of the increasing sensitivity and resolution of the AFM technique, some molecular features of very large asymmetric units may be within reach. We describe here high-resolution studies, using AFM, to visualize individual molecules and viruses in their crystal lattices. These investigations included fungal lipase, lysozyme, thaumatin, canavalin, and satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV).