Early and late failure of noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation
Background Despite recent encouraging results, the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the management of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), complicated by acute respiratory failure (ARF), is not always successful. Failure of NIV may require an immediate intubat...
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Published in | European journal of clinical investigation Vol. 35; no. 6; pp. 404 - 409 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Oxford, UK
Blackwell Science Ltd
01.06.2005
Blackwell Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Background Despite recent encouraging results, the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the management of acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), complicated by acute respiratory failure (ARF), is not always successful. Failure of NIV may require an immediate intubation after a few hours (usually 1–3) of ventilation (‘early failure’) or may result in clinical deterioration (one or more days later) after an initial improvement of blood gas tension and general conditions (‘late failure’).
Materials and methods We enrolled 122 patients affected by COPD complicated by ARF, and treated with NIV. The schedule of NIV provided sessions of 2–6 h twice daily.
Results Ninety‐nine (81%) patients showed a progressive improvement of the clinical parameters and were discharged. Among the remaining 23 patients, 13 had an early failure and 10 had a late failure. In the ‘success’ group and ‘late failure’ groups we found after an increase of pH 2 h of NIV (from 7·31 ± 0·05 to 7·38 ± 0·04 P < 0·001 and from 7·29 ± 0·03 to 7·36 ± 0·02 P < 0·001, respectively) and a decrease of PaCO2 (from 80·93 ± 9·79 to 66·48 ± 5·95 P < 0·001 and from 85·96 ± 10·77 to 76·41 ± 11·02 P < 0·001, respectively). After 2 h of NIV in the ‘late failure’ group there were no significant changes in terms of pH (from 7·20 ± 0·10 to 7·28 ± 0·06) nor PaCO2 (from 92·86 ± 35·49 to 93·68 ± 23·68). The ‘early failure’ group had different characteristics and, owing to more severe conditions, the value of pH, of Glasgow Coma Score, and Apache II Score were the best predictors of the failure; while, among the complications on admission, metabolic alterations were the only independently significant predictor.
Conclusions Our study confirms that NIV may be useful to avoid intubation in approximately 80% of patients with COPD complicated by moderate‐severe hypercapnic respiratory failure. |
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Bibliography: | ArticleID:ECI1509 istex:3D0696A91BFBB1F6A0EFA9263760B632DDD7C289 ark:/67375/WNG-K8NGWJW6-3 Respiratory Diseases, Department of Clinical Methodology and Medical‐surgical Technologies, University of Bari, Bari (P. Carratù, S. Dragonieri, R. Clemente, G. Di Gioia, L. Loponte, O. Resta); Institute of Respiratory Diseases, University of Foggia, School of Medicine, Foggia (P. Bonfitto, M. P. Foschino Barbaro); Department of Respiratory Disease, Lagonegro (F. Schettini), Italy. ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 0014-2972 1365-2362 |
DOI: | 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2005.01509.x |