Anthropogenic fires increase alien and native annual species in the Chilean coastal matorral

• Published in: Diversity & distributions Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 58 - 67
• Main Authors: Gómez-González, Susana, Torres-Díaz, Cristian, Valencia, Graciela, Torres-Morales, Patricio, Cavieres, Lohengrin A., Pausas, Juli G.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.01.2011; Blackwell Publishing; Blackwell; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Annuals; Applied ecology; BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH; Biological and medical sciences; Biological invasions; central Chile; Coasts; disturbance ecology; Ecosystem studies; Ecosystems; Forest and land fires; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Introduced species; Invasive species; Matorral; mediterranean-type ecosystems; Native species; Perennials; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection; plant invasions; Plant populations; Plants; propagule pressure; seedling emergence; Seeds; Soil seed banks; Weather damages. Fires; Chile; Introduced species; Biological invasion; central Chile; Propagule; disturbance ecology; Biological invasions; Ecology; Perturbation; Biodiversity; Plant emergence; plant invasions; mediterranean-type ecosystems; Ecosystem; Fires; propagule pressure; seedling emergence; Chile; Native species; Shrubbery; Anthropogenic factor
• ISSN: 1366-9516; 1472-4642
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00728.x

Aim We tested the hypothesis that anthropogenic fires favour the successful establishment of alien annual species to the detriment of natives in the Chilean coastal matorral. Location Valparaíso Region, central Chile. Methods We sampled seed rain, seedbank emergence and establishment of species in four paired burned and unburned areas and compared (using GLMM) fire resistance and propagule arrival of alien and native species. To assess the relative importance of seed dispersal and seedbank survival in explaining plant establishment after fire, we compared seed rain and seedbank structure with postfire vegetation using ordination analyses. Results Fire did not change the proportion of alien species in the coastal matorral. However, fire increased the number of annual species (natives and aliens) of which 87% were aliens. Fire reduced the alien seedbank and not the native seedbank, but alien species remained dominant in burned soil samples (66% of the total species richness). Seed rain was higher for alien annuals than for native annuals or perennials, thus contributing to their establishment after fire. Nevertheless, seed rain was less important than seedbank survival in explaining plant establishment in burned areas. Main conclusions Anthropogenic fires favoured alien and native annuals. Thus, fire did not increase the alien/native ratio but increased the richness of alien species. The successful establishment of alien annuals was attributable to their ability to maintain rich seedbanks in burned areas and to the greater propagule arrival compared to native species. The native seedbank also survived fire, indicating that the herbaceous community has become highly resilient after centuries of human disturbances. Our results demonstrate that fire is a relevant factor for the maintenance of alien-dominated grasslands in the matorral and highlight the importance of considering the interactive effect of seed rain and seedbank survival to understand plant invasion patterns in fire-prone ecosystems.