Realization of Index Modulation with Intelligent Spatiotemporal Metasurfaces

• Published in: Advanced intelligent systems Vol. 5; no. 7
• Main Authors: Zhu, Xiaoyue, Qian, Chao, Jia, Yuetian, Chen, Jieting, Fang, Yuan, Fan, Zhixiang, Zhang, Jie, Li, Dongdong, Abdi-Ghaleh, Reza, Chen, Hongsheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.07.2023; Wiley
• Subjects: Algorithms; Communication; Data analysis; Deep learning; Electromagnetic radiation; Energy consumption; index modulation; inverse design; Metasurfaces; Modulation; Neural networks; spatiotemporal metasurfaces; Wireless communications
• ISSN: 2640-4567; 2640-4567
• DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202300065

Advanced wireless communication with high spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency has always fascinated humanity, especially with the explosive increase of global mobile data services. Index modulation (IM) has recently been found to be a promising technique due to the transmission of additional data bits via the indices of the available transmit entities. However, the practical implementation of IM remains a great challenge associated with complicated radio components. Herein, IM with intelligent spatiotemporal metasurfaces is experimentally demonstrated. The spatiotemporal metasurfaces provide a natural and versatile platform to achieve IM in a green and lightweight manner. The whole system is driven by a built‐in inverse‐design agent that automates spatiotemporal metasurfaces to cater to diverse application demands. In doing so, how to mitigate the inherent nonuniqueness issue and how to setup the input target from practical scenes are concretely discussed. In the microwave experiment, the spatiotemporal metasurfaces are fabricated and demonstrate the feasibility by harvesting two harmonic waves as communication channels. An intelligent electromagnetic platform that can manipulate electromagnetic waves in multidimensions is provided, meriting other numerous intelligent meta‐devices that avoid overburdening data analysis networks in smart cities of the future. With the help of inverse design and deep learning, the authors experimentally demonstrate index modulation concepts using intelligent spatiotemporal metasurfaces. Driven by a built‐in inverse‐design agent, the metasurface can automatically and rapidly cater for diverse situations. How to mitigate nonuniqueness issues and setup inputs are also discussed. The work opens a new world for future intelligent metamaterials and communications studies.