World Health Organization Generic Protocol to Assess Drug-Resistant HIV Among Children <18 Months of Age and Newly Diagnosed With HIV in Resource-Limited Countries

Increased use of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in pregnant and breastfeeding women will result in fewer children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, among children infected despite prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), a substantial prop...

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Published inClinical infectious diseases Vol. 54; no. suppl_4; pp. S254 - S260
Main Authors Bertagnolio, Silvia, Penazzato, Martina, Jordan, Michael R., Persaud, Deborah, Mofenson, Lynne M., Bennett, Diane E.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Oxford University Press 15.05.2012
Subjects
Africa
AIDS
Anti-Retroviral Agents - pharmacology
Anti-Retroviral Agents - therapeutic use
Antiretroviral drugs
Antiretrovirals
Assisted reproductive techniques
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding & lactation
Child health services
Children
Developing Countries
Disease transmission
Dried Blood Spot Testing
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Viral
Early Diagnosis
Female
Genotyping Techniques
HIV
HIV - drug effects
HIV - genetics
HIV Infections - diagnosis
HIV Infections - drug therapy
Human immunodeficiency virus
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Infants
Pediatrics
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Pregnancy
Retrospective Studies
Supplement
Women
World Health Organization
Africa
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Summary:Increased use of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) in pregnant and breastfeeding women will result in fewer children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, among children infected despite prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT), a substantial proportion will acquire NNRTI-resistant HIV, potentially compromising response to NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy (ART). In countries scaling up PMTCT and pediatric ART programs, it is crucial to assess the proportion of young children with drug-resistant HIV to improve health outcomes and support national and global decision making on optimal selection of pediatric first-line ART. This article summarizes a new World Health Organization surveillance protocol to assess resistance using remnant dried blood spot specimens from a representative sample of children aged <18 months being tested for early infant diagnosis.
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ISSN:1058-4838
1537-6591
DOI:10.1093/cid/cis003