Physiological effects of Type 2 diabetes on mRNA processing and gene expression

• Published in: Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 6; no. 2; pp. 255 - 267
• Main Authors: Morrison, Faer S, Johnstone, Karen A, Harries, Lorna W
• Format: Journal Article Book Review
• Language: English
• Published: England Informa Healthcare 01.03.2011; Taylor & Francis; Expert Reviews Ltd
• Subjects: Alternative splicing; Amino acids; Anopheles; Blood; Blood sugar; Cholesterol; diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; epigenetic; epigenetics; Gene expression; Gene regulation; Genetic engineering; Genetic research; glucolipotoxicity; Glucose metabolism; Hyperglycemia; Hyperlipidemia; Lipid metabolism; Messenger RNA; miRNA; mRNA processing; Oxidative phosphorylation; Oxidative stress; Physiological aspects; Reviews; Triglycerides; Type 2 diabetes; hyperglycemia; hyperlipidemia; alternative splicing; epigenetic; miRNA; diabetes; glucolipotoxicity; gene expression; oxidative stress
• ISSN: 1744-6651; 1744-8417
• DOI: 10.1586/eem.10.76

Characteristics of Type 2 diabetes include both high blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and raised cholesterol and triglycerides (hyperlipidemia). Several studies have now shown that both hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can alter gene expression by disrupting physiological mechanisms of gene regulation, including alternative mRNA splicing, epigenetic gene regulation and miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression. These processes may also be influenced by intracellular oxidative stress, which is increased in diabetes and in response to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Many pathways relevant to diabetes are affected by altered gene expression, including lipid and glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. This article considers how hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia can alter gene expression in diabetes, which could potentially contribute to the worsening of the diabetic phenotype and diabetic complications.