Longitudinal evidence on the association between interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein with the loss of total appendicular skeletal muscle in free-living older men and women

• Published in: Age and ageing Vol. 40; no. 4; pp. 469 - 475
• Main Authors: Alemán, Heliodoro, Esparza, Julian, Ramirez, Fatima Araceli, Astiazaran, Humberto, Payette, Hélène
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 01.07.2011; Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
• Subjects: Absorptiometry, Photon; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging - immunology; Aging - pathology; Biomarkers - blood; C-reactive protein; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Chemical properties; Chi-Square Distribution; Confidence intervals; Cytokines; Elderly; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Geriatrics; Humans; Independent Living; Inflammation - diagnostic imaging; Inflammation - immunology; Inflammation - pathology; Inflammation Mediators - blood; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-6 - blood; Logistic Models; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging; Muscle, Skeletal - pathology; Muscles; Musculoskeletal system; Older men; Older people; Older women; Organ Size; Physiological aspects; Prospective Studies; Serum; Skeletal muscle; Time Factors; United States; longitudinal; inflammatory factors; loss of total appendicular skeletal muscle; elderly
• ISSN: 0002-0729; 1468-2834; 1468-2834
• DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afr040

Background: there is no longitudinal evidence about the association between the loss of total appendicular skeletal muscle (TASM) and cytokines. Objective: to investigate whether high levels of the inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with the loss of TASM in free-living non-sarcopenic older people. Design: five-year prospective cohort study. Subjects: one hundred and fifteen free-living non-sarcopenic older men and women aged 60-84 years at baseline and 5-year follow-up were included. Methods: TASM was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the relative change in TASM was calculated. The response variable was the loss of TASM defined as the lowest sex-specific 15th percentile of the cohort distribution of percentage of change in TASM. The exposure variables were the baseline serum IL-6 and CRP levels measured by ELISA. Results: sixteen subjects were below the sex-specific 15th percentile of the cohort. The mean absolute loss of TASM in these men and women subjects was 1.9 and 1.3 kg, respectively. The risk of loss TASM was 1.29 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.64) (P = 0.03) per unit of increase in IL-6 (pg/ml) and 1.28 times higher (95% CI, 1.04-1.58) (P = 0.01) per unit of increase in CRP (mg/l). As a categorical variable, the risk of loss TASM was 4.85 times higher (95% CI, 1.24-18.97) among subjects with serum IL-6 >2.71 pg/ml and 3.97 times higher (CI 95%, 1.09-14.39) among subjects with serum CRP >3.74 mg/l. These findings remained after adjusting for age, sex and 5-year weight change. Conclusions: inflammation is associated with the loss of TASM in free-living non-sarcopenic older men and women.