Temporal trends in risk of bisphenol A, benzophenone-3 and triclosan exposure among U.S. children and adolescents aged 6–19 years: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2016

• Published in: Environmental research Vol. 216; no. Pt 1; p. 114474
• Main Authors: Li, Ruiqiang, Zhan, Wenqiang, Ren, Jingyi, Zhang, Fan, Huang, Xin, Ma, Yuxia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.01.2023
• Subjects: Adolescent; advocacy; Benzhydryl Compounds - toxicity; Benzhydryl Compounds - urine; benzophenones; bisphenol A; Child; Children and adolescents; cumulative risk; Environmental Exposure; environmental monitoring; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity; Environmental Pollutants - urine; Female; females; Hazard index (HI); health effects assessments; Humans; Male; males; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; nationalities and ethnic groups; Nutrition Surveys; Phenolics; Phenols - toxicity; Phenols - urine; Risk assessment; triclosan; Triclosan - toxicity; Triclosan - urine; United States; urine; United States; Children and adolescents; Hazard index (HI); Phenolics; Risk assessment
• ISSN: 0013-9351; 1096-0953; 1096-0953
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114474

Phenolic compounds with potential adverse health effects are gradually being replaced. Little is known about the potential health risks of BPA, BP3, and TCS exposure in children and adolescents aged 6–19 years in the United States. To determine trends and rates of change in hazard indices (HI) for three phenolics in U.S. children and adolescents for BPA, BP3, TCS, and to assess changes in gender, race/ethnicity, age, and potential health risks. Metabolic biomonitoring data from field-collected urine samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized. Daily intake of three phenols (bisphenol A, benzophenone-3, and triclosan) between 2005 and 2016 in children and adolescents were obtained. Cumulative risk indicators, including hazard quotient (HQ), hazard index (HI), and maximum cumulative ratio (MCR), were used for the health risk assessment of the three phenols. During this period, the change in LSGM HI was −2.9% per cycle [95% Cl: (−3.7%, −2.2%)], and the percentage of participants with HI > 0.1 decreased from 15.6% to 10.5%. Children (6–11 years) had higher mean HI values than adolescents (12–19 years), while female had higher LSGM HI values than male. MCR values were generally low and negatively correlated with HI. However, the average value of MCR increased from 1.722 to 2.107 during this period. Exposure to phenolics among U.S. children and adolescents has changed in recent decades. However, gaps in data limit the interpretation of trends but legislative activity and advocacy campaigns by nongovernmental organizations may play a role in changing trends. Moreover, there are growing concerns about the potential health risks associated with exposure to multiple phenols in children and adolescents. [Display omitted] •Assessment of temporal trends in health hazards of exposure to 3 phenols in children and adolescents.•There is a decreasing trend in LSGM HI in children and adolescents.•Potential effects of differences in social power on exposure to the 3 phenols were identified.