Pathogenesis mediated by proviral host factors involved in translation and replication of plant positive-strand RNA viruses

• Published in: Current opinion in virology Vol. 17; pp. 11 - 18
• Main Authors: Hyodo, Kiwamu, Okuno, Tetsuro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.04.2016
• Subjects: Genome, Viral; Host-Pathogen Interactions - genetics; Lipid Metabolism; Plant Viruses - genetics; Plant Viruses - pathogenicity; Plant Viruses - physiology; Plants - metabolism; Plants - virology; Proviruses - genetics; Proviruses - physiology; RNA Viruses - genetics; RNA Viruses - pathogenicity; RNA Viruses - physiology; RNA, Plant - genetics; Virion - genetics; Virus Replication - genetics
• ISSN: 1879-6257; 1879-6265
• DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.11.004

•Viral pathogenesis comes from complex interactions between viruses and plants.•Host translation machinery determines the degree of viral pathogenesis.•Plant (+)RNA viruses rewire host vesicle trafficking pathways.•Host lipid metabolism is reorganized during virus replication complex formation.•Virus replication complex formation defines viral pathogenesis. Viral pathogenesis comes from complex interactions between viruses and hosts. All the processes of viral infection, including translation of viral factors and replication of viral genomes, define viral pathogenesis; therefore, molecular insights into the mechanisms underlying viral replication strategies unambiguously pave the way for our comprehensive understanding of viral pathogenesis and disease outcome, as well as for developing new antiviral strategies against plant virus disease. Recent studies of plant positive-strand RNA [(+)RNA] viruses have advanced our understanding of co-opted host factors and their roles in viral translation and replication. It is becoming clear that plant (+)RNA viruses harness host factors involved in membrane trafficking and lipid metabolism to establish the viral replication complex (VRC). In this review, we aim to discuss the contribution of co-opted host factors in translation and genome replication of plant (+)RNA viruses mainly focusing on those involved in the biogenesis of the VRC, which may act as a central hub in almost all the processes of viral infection as well as viral pathogenesis.