High carbohydrate diet partially protects Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from oxytetracycline-induced side effects

• Published in: Environmental pollution (1987) Vol. 256; p. 113508
• Main Authors: Limbu, Samwel Mchele, Zhang, Han, Luo, Yuan, Chen, Li-Qiao, Zhang, Meiling, Du, Zhen-Yu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2020
• Subjects: adverse effects; Animal Feed - analysis; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents - toxicity; Apoptosis; Aquaculture; Binding effect; body weight; Carbohydrates; Cellular stress; Cichlids - growth & development; Diet; fish; fish health; food composition; gene expression; glycogen; growth performance; hepatosomatic index; Hepatotoxicity; high carbohydrate diet; Immunity, Innate; innate immunity; Lipid Metabolism; lipid peroxidation; Liver - metabolism; messenger RNA; microorganisms; nutrients; omnivores; Oreochromis niloticus; Oxytetracycline; Oxytetracycline - toxicity; Protective Agents - metabolism; protein content; starch; Starch - metabolism; survival rate; virulent strains; Oxytetracycline; Binding effect; Oreochromis niloticus; Cellular stress; Hepatotoxicity; Apoptosis
• ISSN: 0269-7491; 1873-6424; 1873-6424
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113508

Antibiotics used in global aquaculture production cause various side effects, which impair fish health. However, the use of dietary composition such as carbohydrate, which is one of the dominant components in fish diets to attenuate the side effects induced by antibiotics, remains unclear. We determined the ability of high carbohydrate diet to protect Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from oxytetracycline-induced side effects. Triplicate groups of thirty O. niloticus (9.50 ± 0.08 g) were fed on medium carbohydrate (MC; 335 g/kg) and high carbohydrate (HC; 455 g/kg) diets without and with 2.00 g/kg diet of oxytetracycline (80 mg/kg body weight/day) hereafter, MCO and HCO for 35 days. Thereafter, we assessed growth performance, hepatic nutrients composition and metabolism, microbiota abundance, immunity, oxidative and cellular stress, hepatotoxicity, lipid peroxidation and apoptosis. To understand the possible mechanism of carbohydrate protection on oxytetracycline, we assessed the binding effects and efficiencies of mixtures of medium and high starch with oxytetracycline as well as the MCO and HCO diets. The O. niloticus fed on the MCO and HCO diets had lower growth rate, nutrients utilization and survival rate than those fed on the MC and HC diets, respectively. Dietary HCO increased hepatosomatic index and hepatic protein content of O. niloticus than MCO diet. The O. niloticus fed on the HCO diet had lower mRNA expression of genes related to protein, glycogen and lipid metabolism compared to those fed on the MCO diet. Feeding O. niloticus on the HCO diet increased innate immunity and reduced pathogenic bacteria, pro-inflammation, hepatotoxicity, cellular stress and apoptosis than the MCO diet. The high starch with oxytetracycline and HCO diet had higher-oxytetracycline binding effects and efficiencies than the medium starch with oxytetracyline and MCO diet, respectively. Our study demonstrates that, high carbohydrate partially protects O. niloticus from oxytetracycline-induced side effects by binding the antibiotic. Incorporating high carbohydrate in diet formulation for omnivorous fish species alleviates some of the side effects caused by antibiotics. [Display omitted] •Dietary carbohydrate does not affect OTC on Nile tilapia growth and antioxidants.•High carbohydrate diet protects Nile tilapia from OTC by lessening hepatotoxicity.•High carbohydrate diet protects Nile tilapia from OTC-elevated nutrients metabolism.•High carbohydrate diet protects Nile tilapia from OTC-reduced immunity.•High carbohydrate diet protects Nile tilapia from OTC cellular stress and apoptosis. High carbohydrate diet partially protects fish from oxytetracycline-impaired liver function, increased energy expenditure, reduced immunity and increased stresses.