Digital Health Interventions for Heart Failure Management in Underserved Rural Areas of the United States: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials

Heart failure disproportionately affects individuals residing in rural areas, leading to worse health outcomes. Digital health interventions have been proposed as a promising approach for improving heart failure management. This systematic review aims to identify randomized trials of digital health...

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Published inJournal of the American Heart Association Vol. 13; no. 2; p. e030956
Main Authors Azizi, Zahra, Broadwin, Cassandra, Islam, Sumaiya, Schenk, Jamie, Din, Natasha, Hernandez, Mario Funes, Wang, Paul, Longenecker, Chris T, Rodriguez, Fatima, Sandhu, Alex T
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England John Wiley and Sons Inc 16.01.2024
Wiley
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Summary:Heart failure disproportionately affects individuals residing in rural areas, leading to worse health outcomes. Digital health interventions have been proposed as a promising approach for improving heart failure management. This systematic review aims to identify randomized trials of digital health interventions for individuals living in underserved rural areas with heart failure. We conducted a systematic review by searching 6 databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed; 2000-2023). A total of 30 426 articles were identified and screened. Inclusion criteria consisted of digital health randomized trials that were conducted in underserved rural areas of the United States based on the US Census Bureau's classification. Two independent reviewers screened the studies using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tool to evaluate the risk of bias. The review included 5 trials from 6 US states, involving 870 participants (42.9% female). Each of the 5 studies employed telemedicine, 2 studies used remote monitoring, and 1 study used mobile health technology. The studies reported improvement in self-care behaviors in 4 trials, increased knowledge in 2, and decreased cardiovascular mortality in 1 study. However, 3 trials revealed no change or an increase in health care resource use, 2 showed no change in cardiac biomarkers, and 2 demonstrated an increase in anxiety. The results suggest that digital health interventions have the potential to enhance self-care and knowledge of patients with heart failure living in underserved rural areas. However, further research is necessary to evaluate their impact on clinical outcomes, biomarkers, and health care resource use. URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; Unique identifier: CRD42022366923.
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Supplemental Material is available at https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/suppl/10.1161/JAHA.123.030956
Z. Azizi and C. Broadwin are co‐first authors.
This article was sent to Francoise A. Marvel, MD, Guest Editor, for review by expert referees, editorial decision, and final disposition.
For Sources of Funding and Disclosures, see page 13.
ISSN:2047-9980
2047-9980
DOI:10.1161/JAHA.123.030956