Replication competent retrovirus testing (RCR) in the National Gene Vector Biorepository: No evidence of RCR in 1,595 post-treatment peripheral blood samples obtained from 60 clinical trials

• Published in: Molecular therapy Vol. 31; no. 3; pp. 801 - 809
• Main Authors: Cornetta, Kenneth, Yao, Jing, House, Kimberley, Duffy, Lisa, Adusumilli, Prasad S., Beyer, Rachel, Booth, Claire, Brenner, Malcolm, Curran, Kevin, Grilley, Bambi, Heslop, Helen, Hinrichs, Christian S., Kaplan, Rosandra N., Kiem, Hans-Peter, Kochenderfer, James N., Kohn, Donald B., Mailankody, Sham, Norberg, Scott M., O'Cearbhaill, Roisin E., Pappas, Jennifer, Park, Jae, Ramos, Carlos, Ribas, Antonio, Rivière, Isabelle, Rosenberg, Steven A., Sauter, Craig, Shah, Nirali N., Slovin, Susan F., Thrasher, Adrian, Williams, David A., Lin, Tsai-Yu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.03.2023; American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy
• Subjects: cancer immunotherapy; Cell Line; gene therapy; Genetic Therapy - adverse effects; Genetic Vectors - genetics; Humans; Original; patient monitoring; replication competent retrovirus; Retroviridae - genetics; safety; Virus Replication; gene therapy; replication competent retrovirus; patient monitoring; safety; cancer immunotherapy
• ISSN: 1525-0016; 1525-0024; 1525-0024
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.006

The clinical impact of any therapy requires the product be safe and effective. Gammaretroviral vectors pose several unique risks, including inadvertent exposure to replication competent retrovirus (RCR) that can arise during vector manufacture. The US FDA has required patient monitoring for RCR, and the National Gene Vector Biorepository is an NIH resource that has assisted eligible investigators in meeting this requirement. To date, we have found no evidence of RCR in 338 pre-treatment and 1,595 post-treatment blood samples from 737 patients associated with 60 clinical trials. Most samples (75%) were obtained within 1 year of treatment, and samples as far out as 9 years after treatment were analyzed. The majority of trials (93%) were cancer immunotherapy, and 90% of the trials used vector products produced with the PG13 packaging cell line. The data presented here provide further evidence that current manufacturing methods generate RCR-free products and support the overall safety profile of retroviral gene therapy. [Display omitted] Replication competent virus (RCR) arising during vector manufacturing would significantly increase the risk of insertional oncogenesis prompting the US FDA to RCR test at multiple time points after treatment. This manuscript documents a lack of detectable RCR in 60 clinical trials, attesting to the safety of current manufacturing and screening procedures.