Hemodynamic Measurement Using Four-Dimensional Phase-Contrast MRI: Quantification of Hemodynamic Parameters and Clinical Applications

• Published in: Korean journal of radiology Vol. 17; no. 4; pp. 445 - 462
• Main Authors: Ha, Hojin, Kim, Guk Bae, Kweon, Jihoon, Lee, Sang Joon, Kim, Young-Hak, Lee, Deok Hee, Yang, Dong Hyun, Kim, Namkug
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Korea (South) The Korean Society of Radiology 01.07.2016; 대한영상의학회
• Subjects: Algorithms; Aneurysms; Biomarkers; Blood Flow Velocity; Cardiovascular Imaging; Coronary vessels; Coronary Vessels - diagnostic imaging; Flow velocity; Fluid dynamics; Heart - diagnostic imaging; Hemodynamics; Hemodynamics - physiology; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic fields; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Shear Strength; Thermodynamics; 방사선과학; 4D flow MRI; Hemodynamics; 4D phase-contrast MRI; Blood flow
• ISSN: 1229-6929; 2005-8330
• DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2016.17.4.445

Recent improvements have been made to the use of time-resolved, three-dimensional phase-contrast (PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is also named four-dimensional (4D) PC-MRI or 4D flow MRI, in the investigation of spatial and temporal variations in hemodynamic features in cardiovascular blood flow. The present article reviews the principle and analytical procedures of 4D PC-MRI. Various fluid dynamic biomarkers for possible clinical usage are also described, including wall shear stress, turbulent kinetic energy, and relative pressure. Lastly, this article provides an overview of the clinical applications of 4D PC-MRI in various cardiovascular regions.