Association of Vitamin D With Insulin Resistance and β-Cell Dysfunction in Subjects at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes

• Published in: Diabetes care Vol. 33; no. 6; pp. 1379 - 1381
• Main Authors: Kayaniyil, Sheena, Vieth, Reinhold, Retnakaran, Ravi, Knight, Julia A, Qi, Ying, Gerstein, Hertzel C, Perkins, Bruce A, Harris, Stewart B, Zinman, Bernard, Hanley, Anthony J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Alexandria, VA American Diabetes Association 01.06.2010
• Subjects: Adult; at-risk population; Biological and medical sciences; blood serum; body mass index; chemiluminescence immunoassays; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases); Endocrinopathies; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance; Female; glucose tolerance; homeostasis; Humans; insulin resistance; Insulin Resistance - physiology; insulin secretion; Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology; Linear Models; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; Middle Aged; Miscellaneous; noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; Original Research; parathyroid hormone; pathogenesis; physical activity; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; regression analysis; risk; Risk Factors; sociodemographic characteristics; vitamin D; Vitamin D - analogs & derivatives; Vitamin D - blood; Endocrinopathy; Type 2 diabetes; Human; Pancreatic hormone; Nutrition; Langerhans islet; Metabolic diseases; Risk; Insulin; Target tissue resistance; Association; Vitamin D; Dysfunction; Risk factor; Insulin resistance; β Cell; Endocrinology; Endocrine pancreas
• ISSN: 0149-5992; 1935-5548; 1935-5548
• DOI: 10.2337/dc09-2321

OBJECTIVE: To examine cross-sectional associations of serum vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D] concentration with insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell dysfunction in 712 subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum 25(OH)D was determined using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Insulin sensitivity/resistance were measured using the Matsuda insulin sensitivity index for oral glucose tolerance tests (ISOGTT) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance HOMA-IR. β-Cell function was determined using both the insulinogenic index (IGI) divided by HOMA-IR (IGI/IR) and the insulin secretion sensitivity index-2 (ISSI-2). RESULTS: Linear regression analyses indicated independent associations of 25(OH)D with ISOGTT and HOMA-IR (β = 0.004, P = 0.0003, and β = -0.003, P = 0.0072, respectively) and with IGI/IR and ISSI-2 (β = 0.004, P = 0.0286, and β = 0.003, P = 0.0011, respectively) after adjusting for sociodemographics, physical activity, supplement use, parathyroid hormone, and BMI. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, as 25(OH)D concentration was independently associated with both insulin sensitivity and β-cell function among individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes.