A comparison of rodent models of vertical sleeve gastrectomy

• Published in: Surgery for obesity and related diseases Vol. 14; no. 10; pp. 1471 - 1479
• Main Authors: Alvarez, Rafael, Lewis, Alfor G., Toure, Mouhamadoul H., Seeley, Randy J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.10.2018
• Subjects: Animal experiment; Bariatric surgery; Glucose metabolism; Intestinal microbiome; Lipid metabolism; Metabolic surgery; Obesity surgery; Sleeve gastrectomy; Surgical technique; Vertical sleeve gastrectomy; Weight loss surgery; Vertical sleeve gastrectomy; Glucose metabolism; Animal experiment; Metabolic surgery; Bariatric surgery; Intestinal microbiome; Obesity surgery; Lipid metabolism; Weight loss surgery; Surgical technique; Sleeve gastrectomy
• ISSN: 1550-7289; 1878-7533
• DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.06.022

•Comparable reduction in fat mass in VSG1 and VSG2 relative to Sham.•Superior weight loss in VSG2 relative to VSG1.•Decreased food intake accounts for the majority of reduction in body weight.•Both VSG models resulted in improved glucose and lipid metabolism relative to Sham.•The intestinal microbiome did not differ between VSG1, VSG2, and Sham. Although vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) is fashioned in humans by applying multiple staple loads, rodent VSG is generally created through a single-staple load application. To investigate the impact of a 2-staple load VSG rat model more closely resembling the multistaple load operation done in humans on weight, metabolic outcomes, and the microbiome and how these compare with those obtained with the standard one-staple load model. University research facility, United States. High-fat diet–induced obese male rats were randomized to single-staple load VSG (VSG1), 2-staple load VSG (VSG2), or sham operation (Sham). Outcomes included weight and composition, food intake, glucose metabolism, lipids, bile acids, and intestinal microbiome. Statistical comparisons were performed using analysis of variance. Both procedures resulted in substantial weight and body fat loss compared with Sham-treated animals. Weight loss was modestly greater for VSG2 compared with VSG1. Food intake was reduced in both procedures and accounted for the observed weight reduction. Glucose tolerance and plasma and hepatic lipid profiles were improved comparably in VSG1 and VSG2 relative to Sham. Bile acids were higher for VSG2 compared with Sham but not significantly different between VSG1 and VSG2. Neither procedure impacted intestinal microbiome richness and diversity compared with Sham across multiple intestinal sections. Colonic Actinobacteria was more abundant in VSG2 than in Sham. Relative abundances of bacterial phyla did not differ among VSG1, VSG2, and Sham across the remaining intestinal sections. Although VSG1 or VSG2 offer effective and overall comparable platforms for the study of obesity, VSG2 resulted in superior weight loss. [Display omitted] Comparable weight loss, fat mass reduction, and improvement in glucose tolerance for both vertical sleeve gastrectomy models compared with Sham. All graphs include the entire cohort (Sham n=10; VSG1 n=12; VSG2 n=12). Analyses performed by Tukey's multiple comparison test applied to values obtained from one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). VSG1, single-staple load vertical sleeve gastrectomy; VSG2, two-staple load vertical sleeve gastrectomy; F, fundus; IPGTT, Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; AUC, Area under curve; *, statistical significance between Sham and VSG groups; $, statistical significance between VSG groups; NS, non-significance between VSG groups; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ***, p < 0.0001; $, p < 0.05.