Modeling solid thermal explosion containment on reactor HNIW and HMX

• Published in: Journal of hazardous materials Vol. 176; no. 1; pp. 549 - 558
• Main Authors: Lin, Chun-Ping, Chang, Chang-Ping, Chou, Yu-Chuan, Chu, Yung-Chuan, Shu, Chi-Min
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier B.V 15.04.2010; Elsevier
• Subjects: 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-isowurtzitane (HNIW); Applied sciences; Assessments; Azocines - chemistry; Bridged-Ring Compounds - chemistry; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Chemical engineering; Containment; Differential scanning calorimetry; Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); Energetic materials; Exact sciences and technology; Explosions; Explosions - prevention & control; Explosive Agents - chemistry; Hazards; HMX; Models, Theoretical; Nitro Compounds - chemistry; Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX); Pollution; Reactors; Safety; Thermal explosion hazard; Thermodynamics; Thermokinetic models; Thermokinetic models; 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-isowurtzitane (HNIW); Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX); Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC); Thermal explosion hazard; Differential scanning calorimetry; Parameter estimation; Thermal decomposition; Modeling; HMX; Octogen; Storage; HNIW; Thermal explosion; 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-isowurtzitane; Explosives; Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine; Reactor; Hazard
• ISSN: 0304-3894; 1873-3336
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.064

2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaaza-isowurtzitane (HNIW), also known as CL-20 and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX), are highly energetic materials which have been popular in national defense industries for years. This study established the models of thermal decomposition and thermal explosion hazard for HNIW and HMX. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) data were used for parameters determination of the thermokinetic models, and then these models were employed for simulation of thermal explosion in a 437 L barrel reactor and a 24 kg cubic box package. Experimental results indicating the best storage conditions to avoid any violent runaway reaction of HNIW and HMX were also discovered. This study also developed an efficient procedure regarding creation of thermokinetics and assessment of thermal hazards of HNIW and HMX that could be applied to ensure safe storage conditions.