Fault section estimation in power distribution network using impedance-based fault distance calculation and frequency spectrum analysis

• Published in: IET generation, transmission & distribution Vol. 8; no. 8; pp. 1406 - 1417
• Main Authors: Dashti, Rahman, Sadeh, Javad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Stevenage The Institution of Engineering and Technology 01.08.2014; Institution of Engineering and Technology; The Institution of Engineering & Technology
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Electric potential; Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering; Electrical power engineering; Exact sciences and technology; fault inception angle; Fault location; fault resistance; fault section estimation; fault simulation; Faults; Frequency spectrum; frequency spectrum analysis; FS analysis; impedance‐based fault distance calculation; impedance‐based fault location method; instrument transformers; Iran; Mathematical analysis; Miscellaneous; Power distribution; power distribution faults; power distribution system network; Power networks and lines; power system measurement; power transformers; real instrument transformer model; Simulation; spectral analysis; Testing. Reliability. Quality control; upstream PDS network; Voltage; voltage measurement; voltages sample recording; X‐R ratio; Iran; Asia; power system measurement; X-R ratio; power transformers; fault section estimation; voltages sample recording; fault resistance; fault location; power distribution faults; spectral analysis; upstream PDS network; frequency spectrum analysis; real instrument transformer model; power distribution system network; Iran; instrument transformers; impedance-based fault distance calculation; impedance-based fault location method; FS analysis; fault inception angle; voltage measurement; fault simulation; Performance evaluation; Parameter estimation; Power distribution systems; Electrical network; Spectrum analysis; Defect localization; Frequency analysis; Frequency spectrum; Instrument transformer; Impedance; Uplink; Distribution network; Fault diagnostic; Comparative study; Electric fault; Defect detection
• ISSN: 1751-8687; 1751-8695
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2013.0633

In this study, a practical method is proposed for determining the distance and the section of fault in power distribution system (PDS). In the suggested method, at first the possible fault points are determined using a novel impedance-based fault location method. Since the number of these points may be more than one, thus two methods are proposed for determining the real location of fault. In the first method, the measured and recorded samples of voltages at the beginning of feeder for actual fault are compared with the stored samples of voltages which are obtained from simulating of fault at the possible fault points. The one with highest matching is the real location of fault. In the second method, frequency spectrum (FS) of voltage is defined as a suitable criterion for this purpose. Therefore the real fault point is determined by comparing and matching the FS of voltages obtained from the simulated faults and the recorded voltage for actual fault. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated in a real feeder in distribution network of Iran considering different types of faults, fault resistances, fault inception angles, real instrument transformer models and X/R ratio changes of upstream PDS network. The obtained results show that the performance of the proposed method is quite satisfactory and its accuracy is very high.