Factors associated with very early neonatal mortality in Burkina Faso: A matched case–control study

• Published in: International journal of gynecology and obstetrics Vol. 135; no. S1; pp. S93 - S97
• Main Authors: Kaboré, Rémi, Meda, Ivlabèhiré Bertrand, Koulidiati, Jean-Louis Emmanuel, Millogo, Tiéba, Kouanda, Seni
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.11.2016
• Subjects: Burkina Faso; Burkina Faso - epidemiology; Case-Control Studies; Delivery, Obstetric - statistics & numerical data; Early neonatal mortality; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant Mortality - trends; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Male; Obstetrics and Gynecology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome - epidemiology; Prenatal Care - statistics & numerical data; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Early neonatal mortality; Burkina Faso
• ISSN: 0020-7292; 1879-3479
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2016.08.017

Abstract Objective To identify the risk factors associated with very early neonatal death in Burkina Faso. Methods A matched case–control study including newborns born between May 2009 and April 2010. Cases comprised newborns that died within 24 hours of birth, whereas controls were those of a similar birth weight to the cases who survived the first 24 hours. Potential risk factors related to mothers, neonates, and healthcare provision were assessed from medical records and via interviews. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios. Results Data from 470 cases and 470 controls were analyzed. Multivariate analysis showed that Apgar score at 4–7 or 1–3 (aOR 6.27; 95% CI, 3.10–12.68 and aOR 72.26; 95% CI, 14.07–371.26, respectively); bradycardia at the last heart sound recorded before delivery (aOR 5.72; 95% CI, 1.42–23.03); inadequacy or lack of prenatal care (aOR 2.39; 95% CI, 1.15–4.97); resuscitation of newborns (aOR 2.07; 95% CI, 1.01–4.27); and referral of the newborn (aOR 5.29; 95% CI, 1.44–19.43) were associated with increased odds of neonatal mortality. However, being a primigravid mother (aOR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29–0.89) was associated with decreased odds of neonatal mortality. Conclusion Very early neonatal mortality is closely related to the condition of the newborn at birth, the monitoring of the pregnancy, and medical procedures.