Sonography of Diffuse Liver Disease

• Published in: Journal of ultrasound in medicine Vol. 21; no. 9; pp. 1023 - 1032
• Main Authors: Tchelepi, Hisham, Ralls, Philip W, Radin, Randall, Grant, Edward
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Laurel, MD Am inst Ulrrasound Med 01.09.2002; American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - diagnostic imaging; Fatty Liver - diagnostic imaging; Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen; Hepatitis D, Chronic - diagnostic imaging; hepatocellular carcinoma; Hepatomegaly - diagnostic imaging; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis - diagnostic imaging; Liver Diseases - diagnostic imaging; Liver. Biliary tract. Portal circulation. Exocrine pancreas; Medical sciences; portal hypertension; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Sensitivity and Specificity; transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts; Tumors; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; venous clot; Venous Thrombosis - diagnostic imaging; Sonography; Diffuse; Human; Portal circulation disease; Grease; Cardiovascular disease; Hepatic disease; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Malignant tumor; Thrombosis; Vascular disease; Cirrhosis; Hepatitis; Image analysis; Echography; Portal hypertension; Digestive diseases; Infiltration; Diagnosis; Portal vein; Bibliographic review
• ISSN: 0278-4297; 1550-9613
• DOI: 10.7863/jum.2002.21.9.1023

Sonography is often the first imaging procedure performed in the evaluation of individuals with suspected liver disease. Evaluation for biliary dilatation is always performed, because bile duct obstruction can cause abnormal liver test results, raising the suspicion of liver disease. Ultrasound is a useful but imperfect tool in evaluating diffuse liver disease. We discuss the uses and limitations of sonography in evaluating parenchymal liver disease. Sonography can show hepatomegaly, fatty infiltration of the liver, and cirrhosis, all with good but imperfect sensitivity and specificity. Sonography is of limited usefulness in acute hepatitis. Increased parenchymal echogenicity is a reliable criterion for diagnosing fatty liver. Cirrhosis can be diagnosed in the correct clinical setting when the following are present: a nodular liver surface, decreased right lobe–caudate lobe ratio, and indirect evidence of portal hypertension (collateral vessels and splenomegaly). Ultrasound plays an important role in the imaging of conditions and procedures common in patients with diffuse liver disease.