Special issue on the battle against complex virus world in the human brain: seizure as a result of viral infection

• Published in: Acta epileptologica Vol. 3; no. 1; pp. 1 - 4
• Main Authors: Jiang, Weijia, Li, Jinmei, Zhou, Dong, Mu, Jie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 16.07.2021; BMC
• Subjects: Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Viral infections; Zika virus
• ISSN: 2524-4434; 2524-4434
• DOI: 10.1186/s42494-021-00049-x

Viruses are the smallest living things known to science, yet they hold the entire planet in their way. * from A Planet of Viruses, Carl Zimmer The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a big threat to human health. Flaviviridae West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, St Louis Encephalitis virus, Dengue viruses (types 1–4), Tick-borne encephalitis virus Generalized tonic-clonic seizures; Partial motor with secondary generalization; Non-convulsive and convulsive status epilepticus [3]; Acute flaccid paralysis [4] Zika virus Early and refractory epilepsy [5] Bunyaviridae La Crosse virus Complex partial or simple partial focal seizure; Periodic epileptiform discharges [6] Orthomyxoviridae Influenza virus Generalized tonic-clonic seizures; Convulsive status epilepticus [3]; Febrile seizures [7] Paramyxoviridae Mumps virus Generalized tonic-clonic seizures [3]; Acute flaccid paralysis [4] Measles virus, Canine distemper virus Generalized tonic-clonic seizures [3] Nipah virus Convulsive status seizures [8] Rhabdoviridae Rabies virus Generalized tonic-clonic seizures [3]; Febrile seizure [9]; Focal facial and limb seizures [10]; Acute flaccid paralysis [4] Chandipura virus Generalized tonic-clonic seizures; Focal seizure [11] Retroviridae Human immunodeficiency virus Generalized tonic-clonic seizures; Partial motor with/without secondary generalization; Atonic seizures; Non-convulsive and convulsive status epilepticus; High incidence of recurrence [3] Picornaviridae Enterovirus 70 Generalized tonic-clonic seizures [3] Complex partial or simple partial focal seizure [6] Febrile seizure [12] Enterovirus 71 Complex partial or simple partial focal seizure [6] Febrile seizure [12] Poliovirus Acute flaccid paralysis [4] Rhinovirus Febrile seizure [12] Togaviridae Eastern equine encephalitis viruses Complex partial or simple partial focal seizure; Periodic epileptiform discharges [6] Reoviridae Rotavirus Febrile seizures [13] Paramyxoviridae Human parainfluenza viruses Febrile seizures [13] Coronaviridae Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Abnormity located in the temporal lobe accompanied with seizures [14]; Refractory status epilepticus [15] Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus, Human coronavirus OC43, Human coronavirus HKU1 Febrile seizures [16] Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Focal seizure [17] Pneumoviridae Respiratory syncytial virus/orthopneumovirus Febrile seizure [12]; Status epilepticus [15] Human metapneumovirus Focal seizure; Status epilepticus [15]; Febrile seizures [13] Caliciviridae Norovirus Febrile seizures [13] Astroviridae Astrovirus Febrile seizures [13] DNA virus: To highlight the important roles of viruses in epilepsy, especially under the current COVID-19 pandemic, Acta Epileptologica publishes this special issue on “Virus and Epilepsy”, focusing on four viruses: arbovirus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), picornavirus, and human herpes virus 6 (HHV6), from perspectives of pathogenesis, pathogenicity, clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of seizure induction or enhancement after viral infection. HIV patients with seizures need to take both antiviral and antiepileptic drugs, which increases the risk of drug-drug interactions and the occurrence of side effects.