Exosomes in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Being Pathological Players to Potential Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Exosomes (EXOs) were given attention as an extracellular vesicle (EV) with a pivotal pathophysiological role in the development of certain neurodegenerative disorders (NDD), such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). EXOs have shown the potential to carry pathological and therapeutic cargo; t...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 22; no. 19; p. 10794
Main Authors Soliman, Hagar M., Ghonaim, Ghada A., Gharib, Shaza M., Chopra, Hitesh, Farag, Aya K., Hassanin, Mohamed H., Nagah, Abdalrazeq, Emad-Eldin, Mahmoud, Hashem, Nevertary E., Yahya, Galal, Emam, Sherif E., Hassan, Abdalla E. A., Attia, Mohamed S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Alzheimer's disease
Biomarkers
Brain
cargo
Communication
diagnosis
Drug delivery
Exosomes
Extracellular vesicles
Immunogenicity
Inflammation
Literature reviews
Memory
Metabolism
Microfluidics
neurodegenerative disorders
Neurons
Parkinson's disease
Pathophysiology
Peptides
Proteins
Review
Signs and symptoms
treatment
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Summary:Exosomes (EXOs) were given attention as an extracellular vesicle (EV) with a pivotal pathophysiological role in the development of certain neurodegenerative disorders (NDD), such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). EXOs have shown the potential to carry pathological and therapeutic cargo; thus, researchers have harnessed EXOs in drug delivery applications. EXOs have shown low immunogenicity as natural drug delivery vehicles, thus ensuring efficient drug delivery without causing significant adverse reactions. Recently, EXOs provided potential drug delivery opportunities in AD and promising future clinical applications with the diagnosis of NDD and were studied for their usefulness in disease detection and prediction prior to the emergence of symptoms. In the future, the microfluidics technique will play an essential role in isolating and detecting EXOs to diagnose AD before the development of advanced symptoms. This review is not reiterative literature but will discuss why EXOs have strong potential in treating AD and how they can be used as a tool to predict and diagnose this disorder.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms221910794