The Acetone Extract of Albizia lebbeck Stem Bark and Its In Vitro Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activities

• Published in: Horticulturae Vol. 9; no. 3; p. 385
• Main Authors: Ibrahim, Omer H. M, Abdul-Hafeez, Essam Y
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.03.2023
• Subjects: Acetone; acetone extract; Albizia lebbeck; Anti-infective agents; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; antimicrobial; Antimicrobial activity; Antimicrobial agents; Bacteria; Bark; Beans; Biological activity; Chromatography; Cinnamic acid; Cytotoxicity; E coli; Environmental aspects; Fatty acids; Flavonoids; Fungi; Fungicides; Fusarium oxysporum; Gas chromatography; Health aspects; Hesperidin; High performance liquid chromatography; Identification and classification; lebbek tree; Legumes; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Materia medica, Vegetable; Measurement; Mimosaceae; Oleic acid; Phenolic acids; Phenols; Physiological aspects; Phytochemicals; Plant extracts; Solvents; stem bark extract; Stems; Strains (organisms); Testing; Toxicity; Tumor cell lines; Egypt; Germany; India
• ISSN: 2311-7524; 2311-7524
• DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae9030385

To address the growing demand for natural sources of drugs, in addition to chemical ones, the present study aimed to explore the phytochemical and biological activity of acetone stem bark extract of Albizia lebbeck. The phytoconstituents of the derivatized acetone stem bark extract were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), while the phenolic and flavonoid compounds were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Six bacterial strains (Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia carotovora, Escherichia coli) and three fungal strains (Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium italicum, Fusarium oxysporum) were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity was assessed against three cancer cell lines (PC-3, Caco-2, and MCF-7). Our findings indicated that the acetone extract of A. lebbeck stem bark was rich in fatty acids, with a predominance of oleic acid (19.2%). Additionally, eight phenolic acids, primarily cinnamic acid, and eight flavonoids, primarily chrysoeriol and hesperidin, were identified. It was found that the acetone extract of the A. lebbeck stem bark exhibited a high potential antibacterial effect against B. subtilis and S. marcescens and evident antifungal activity against F. oxysporum. Based on the calculated selectivity index, PC-3 cells were found to have the highest value (2.95), followed by Caco-2 cells (1.92) and MCF-7 cells (1.34). These results suggest the richness of A. lebbeck stem bark in phytochemicals with promising antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties.