Hypochlorous Acid Chemistry in Mammalian Cells—Influence on Infection and Role in Various Pathologies

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 23; no. 18; p. 10735
• Main Authors: Andrés, Celia María Curieses, Pérez de la Lastra, José Manuel, Juan, Celia Andrés, Plou, Francisco J., Pérez-Lebeña, Eduardo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 14.09.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; Amines; Antimicrobial agents; Arteriosclerosis; Arthritis; Atherosclerosis; Bacteria; Carbohydrates; Chloride; Diabetes mellitus; Enzymes; halogenative stress; Hydrogen peroxide; Hypochlorous acid; hypochlorous acid HOCl; Leukocytes; Lipids; Mammalian cells; Microorganisms; myeloperoxidase MPO; Neutrophils; Nucleic acids; Organic chemistry; Oxidation; Oxidative stress; pathologies; Peroxidase; Physiology; Plasma; Review; Veganism; Vegetarianism
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810735

This review discusses the formation of hypochlorous acid HOCl and the role of reactive chlorinated species (RCS), which are catalysed by the enzyme myeloperoxidase MPO, mainly located in leukocytes and which in turn contribute to cellular oxidative stress. The reactions of RCS with various organic molecules such as amines, amino acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and DNA are described, and an attempt is made to explain the chemical mechanisms of the formation of the various chlorinated derivatives and the data available so far on the effects of MPO, RCS and halogenative stress. Their presence in numerous pathologies such as atherosclerosis, arthritis, neurological and renal diseases, diabetes, and obesity is reviewed and were found to be a feature of debilitating diseases.