Association of Tomato Chlorosis Virus Complicates the Management of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Cultivated Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in the Southern United States

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in the USA has been severely impacted by the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Furthermore, a complex association of whitefly-transmitted TYLCV (genus, begomovirus) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV, genus, crinivirus) were recently identified in tomat...

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Published inHorticulturae Vol. 9; no. 8; p. 948
Main Authors Kumar, Manish, Kavalappara, Saritha Raman, McAvoy, Theodore, Hutton, Samuel, Simmons, Alvin M, Bag, Sudeep
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2023
Subjects
breaking resistance
Chlorosis
Cloning
Commercialization
Control
Cultivars
Cultivation
Disease transmission
Diseases and pests
Environmental aspects
Fruit cultivation
Genes
Genomes
Genomics
HTS
Leaf-curl
Leaves
Mixed infection
Next-generation sequencing
Physiological aspects
Plant diseases
Plant immunology
Plant virus diseases
Plant viruses
RNA polymerase
Solanum lycopersicum
Tomatoes
TYLCV
virus copy number
Virus diseases of plants
Viruses
whitefly-transmitted viruses
Yellow leaf
United States
Florida
United States > US
Georgia
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Summary:Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production in the USA has been severely impacted by the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Furthermore, a complex association of whitefly-transmitted TYLCV (genus, begomovirus) and tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV, genus, crinivirus) were recently identified in tomato. Several tomato cultivars were developed and commercialized with intermediate resistance (IR) against TYLCV-IL (Israel), the predominant strain of TYLCV found in Georgia, USA. TYLCV-resistant cultivars were tested in open field conditions against multiple whitefly-transmitted viruses in Georgia under natural disease pressure during the fall of 2022. The area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) over time showed a steady increase in disease severity among all cultivars. Further analysis of infected samples using high throughput sequencing (HTS) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed the presence of TYLCV and ToCV in symptomatic upper and lower leaves, respectively. Moreover, the presence of both viruses in upper and lower leaves was determined. A mixed infection of both viruses, TYLCV and ToCV, resulted in severe disease development which may enhance the commercial tomato plants to break resistance and lead to decreased fruit quality and marketable yields.
ISSN:2311-7524
2311-7524
DOI:10.3390/horticulturae9080948