Energy inputs and crop yield relationships in greenhouse winter crop tomato production

• Published in: Renewable energy Vol. 36; no. 11; pp. 3217 - 3221
• Main Authors: Ozkan, Burhan, Ceylan, R. Figen, Kizilay, Hatice
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animal wastes; Antalya; Applied sciences; crop yield; electricity; Energy; Energy analysis; Exact sciences and technology; farmers; farms; fertilizers; Greenhouse tomatoes; greenhouses; human health; Lycopersicon esculentum; Output–input ratio; production functions; renewable energy sources; risk; specific energy; surveys; tomatoes; winter; Turkey (country); Turkey; Antalya; Energy analysis; Greenhouse tomatoes; Output–input ratio; Output-input ratio
• ISSN: 0960-1481; 1879-0682
• DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.03.042

In this study, energy use patterns and the relationship between energy inputs and yield for single crop (winter) greenhouse tomato production were examined in Antalya province, one of the most important greenhouse centres in Turkey. Data were collected using face-to-face surveys from 85 farms producing winter greenhouse tomatoes. The results indicated that the bulk of energy was consumed in fertilizer (38.22%), electricity (27.09%), manure (17.33%) and diesel-oil (13.65%). Average yield and energy consumption were calculated as 57,905.1 kg/ha and 61,434.5 MJ/ha, respectively. Results also determined an output–input ratio of 0.8 and a respective energy productivity and specific energy of 1.061 MJ/t and 0.94 kg/MJ. In addition, the Cobb Douglas production function was applied to test the relationship among different forms of energy consumption. The findings suggested that single crop tomato producers must optimize their use of indirect energy resources. Single crop producers applied an excess use of chemicals, resulting in an inverse effect on yield as well as imposing risks to natural resources and human health. This research suggested an expansion in energy use training opportunities to greenhouse farmers in the region. ► Total energy use in greenhouse tomato production in Antalya, Turkey was analyzed. ► Average energy consumed for an average yield of 57,905.1 kg/ha was 61,434.5 MJ/ha. ► Non renewable forms of energy were 81.60% of the total energy input. ► Shift to direct energy sources is necessary for efficiency and resource security. ► Production relationship demonstrated nearly constant returns to inputs.